Janice Schwartz, MD

Professor of Medicine

I graduated from Tulane Medical School, am a board-certified internist and cardiologist with significant experience in clinical pharmacology and geriatric medicine. My research goal has been to elucidate age-related and sex-related differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in order to improve medication therapy for older adults. I have studied models of aging from in vitro models of cardiac changes with aging to physiologic and pharmacokinetic investigations of healthy humans to population studies of community dwelling elderly, and frail elderly adults.

My current work focuses on improving medication use in the very oldest people, in optimizing outcomes in older people receiving polypharmacy, and the translation and optimization of new therapeutic agents such as anticoagulants during clinical use to benefit the very oldest and frailest patients. I recently completed a ORISE visiting Professorship in the Office of Clinical Pharmacology at the FDA to stimulate initiatives to improve the drug evaluation and monitoring process for older adults and incorporate patient-centered outcomes into the drug evaluation process.

Education
1990 - Geriatrics, UCLA
1981 - Cardiology, Stanford University
1978 - Cardiology, Cedar Sinai Medical Center
1977 - Internal Medicine, Cedar-Sinai Medical Center
1975 - Internal Medicine, LACounty/USC
MD, 1974 - Medicine, Tulane University, School of Medicine
1970 - Biology, Newcomb College
Honors and Awards
  • Award of Excellence in Clinical Pharmacology, PhRMA, 2019
  • William Abrams Award in Geriatric Clinical Pharmacology, American Society of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2012
Websites
Publications

  1. Schwartz JB. A paradigm shift in evaluation of new medications for older adults-A mandate has arrived! Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2024. PMID: 38822639


  2. Schwartz JB. Current status of inclusion of older groups in evaluations of new medications: Gaps and implementation needs to fill them. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2024. PMID: 38600697


  3. Schwartz JB, Liu RY, Boscardin J, Liu Q, Lau SWJ, Khatri S, Tarn D. Attitudes on participation in clinical drug trials: A nationally representative survey of older adults with multimorbidity. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2024. PMID: 38485469


  4. Schwartz JB. Representative enrolment of older adults in clinical trials: the time is now. The lancet. Healthy longevity 2023. PMID: 37263282


  5. Tarn DM, Shih K, Tseng CH, Thomas A, Schwartz JB. Reasons for Nonadherence to the Direct Oral Anticoagulant Apixaban: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Atrial Fibrillation Patients. JACC. Advances 2023. PMID: 38939023


  6. Lau SWJ, Huang Y, Hsieh J, Wang S, Liu Q, Slattum PW, Schwartz JB, Huang SM, Temple R. Participation of Older Adults in Clinical Trials for New Drug Applications and Biologics License Applications From 2010 Through 2019. JAMA network open 2022. PMID: 36239939


  7. Sukumar S, Orkaby AR, Schwartz JB, Marcum Z, Januzzi JL, Vaduganathan M, Warraich HJ. Polypharmacy in Older Heart Failure Patients: a Multidisciplinary Approach. Current heart failure reports 2022. PMID: 35723783


  8. Thomas A, Fang MC, Kogan S, Hubbard CC, Friedman PN, Gong L, Klein, TE, Nutescu, EA, O’Brien, TJ, Tuck M, Perera M.A., Schwartz, JB. Apixaban Concentrations in Routine Clinical Care of Older Adults with Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation JACC ADV 2022. PMID:


  9. Thomas A, Fang MC, Kogan S, Hubbard CC, Friedman PN, Gong L, Klein TE, Nutescu EA, O'Brien TJ, Tuck M, Perera MA, Schwartz JB. Apixaban Concentrations in Routine Clinical Care of Older Adults With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation. JACC. Advances 2022. PMID: 37961076


  10. Liu Q, Schwartz JB, Slattum PW, Lau SWJ, Guinn D, Madabushi R, Burckart G, Califf R, Cerreta F, Cho C, Cook J, Gamerman J, Goldsmith P, van der Graaf PH, Gurwitz JH, Haertter S, Hilmer S, Huang SM, Inouye SK, Kanapuru B, Pirmohamed M, Posner P, Radziszewska B, Talbot HK, Temple R. Roadmap To 2030 For Drug Evaluation In Older Adults. 2021. PMID: 34656074


  11. Schwartz JB, Kogan SC, Fang MC. Preventing Bleeding With Direct-Acting Oral Anticoagulants. 2021. PMID: 34649705


  12. Schwartz JB, Weintraub S. Treatment for Alzheimer Disease-Sex and Gender Effects Need to Be Explicitly Analyzed and Reported in Clinical Trials. JAMA network open 2021. PMID: 34515788


  13. Tarn DM, Shih KJ, Schwartz JB. Reasons for nonadherence to the direct oral anticoagulant apixaban for atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2021. PMID: 34453325


  14. Hilmer SN, Petrovic M, Le Couteur DG, Schwartz JB, Thuermann P. Development, evaluation and use of COVID-19 vaccines in older adults: Preliminary principles for the pandemic and beyond. British journal of clinical pharmacology 2021. PMID: 34342013


  15. Slattum PW, Schwartz JB. A challenge: The American Geriatric Society needs to address the lack of inclusion of older adults in new drug evaluation. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2021. PMID: 34062612


  16. Sukumar S, Cabero M, Tiu S, Fang MC, Kogan SC, Schwartz JB. Anti-factor Xa activity assays of direct-acting oral anticoagulants during clinical care: An observational study. Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis 2021. PMID: 34013157


  17. Tarn DM, Pletcher MJ, Tosqui R, Fernandez A, Tseng CH, Moriconi R, Bell DS, Barrientos M, Turner JA, Schwartz JB. Primary nonadherence to statin medications: Survey of patient perspectives. Preventive medicine reports 2021. PMID: 33842201


  18. Herr AE, Schwartz JB. Something Old and Something New: The Time Is Right for Geriatric Engineering Programs. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2021. PMID: 33421099


  19. Tarn DM, Barrientos M, Pletcher MJ, Cox K, Turner J, Fernandez A, Schwartz JB. Perceptions of Patients with Primary Nonadherence to Statin Medications. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM 2021. PMID: 33452090


  20. Tarn DM, Schwartz JB. Polypharmacy: A Five-Step Call to Action for Family Physicians. Family medicine 2020. PMID: 33151528


  21. Tarn DM, Barrientos M, Wang AY, Ramaprasad A, Fang MC, Schwartz JB. Prevalence and Knowledge of Potential Interactions Between Over-the-Counter Products and Apixaban. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2019. PMID: 31658372


  22. Sukumar S, Gulilat M, Linton B, Gryn SE, Dresser GK, Alfonsi JE, Schwarz UI, Kim RB, Schwartz JB. Apixaban Concentrations with Lower than Recommended Dosing in Older Adults with Atrial Fibrillation. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2019. PMID: 31112620


  23. Zarowitz BJ, Nace DA, Brandt N, Schwartz JB. Pharmacotherapy Research Priorities in Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in Nursing Homes, Assisted Living, and Home Care: Report From a Satellite Symposium of the ACC, AGS, NIA Workshop. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 2019. PMID: 30922866


  24. Winston CN, Goetzl EJ, Schwartz JB, Elahi FM, Rissman RA. Complement protein levels in plasma astrocyte-derived exosomes are abnormal in conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease dementia. Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 2019. PMID: 31032394


  25. Schwartz JB, Schmader KE, Hanlon JT, Abernethy DR, Gray S, Dunbar-Jacob J, Holmes HM, Murray MD, Roberts R, Joyner M, Peterson J, Lindeman D, Tai-Seale M, Downey L, Rich MW. Pharmacotherapy in Older Adults with Cardiovascular Disease: Report from an American College of Cardiology, American Geriatrics Society, and National Institute on Aging Workshop. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2018. PMID: 30536694


  26. Schwartz JB, Gallagher JC, Jorde R, Berg V, Walsh J, Eastell R, Evans AL, Bowles S, Naylor KE, Jones KS, Schoenmakers I, Holick M, Orwoll E, Nielson C, Kaufmann M, Jones G, Bouillon R, Lai J, Verotta D, Bikle D. Determination of Free 25(OH)D Concentrations and Their Relationships to Total 25(OH)D in Multiple Clinical Populations. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2018. PMID: 29955795


  27. Schwartz JB. Editorial Commentary: Blood pressure and cognition in the elderly. Trends in cardiovascular medicine 2018. PMID: 30072095


  28. Goetzl EJ, Nogueras-Ortiz C, Mustapic M, Mullins RJ, Abner EL, Schwartz JB, Kapogiannis D. Deficient neurotrophic factors of CSPG4-type neural cell exosomes in Alzheimer disease. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2018. PMID: 29924942


  29. Moore KL, Patel K, Boscardin WJ, Steinman MA, Ritchie C, Schwartz JB. Medication burden attributable to chronic co-morbid conditions in the very old and vulnerable. PloS one 2018. PMID: 29684077


  30. Goetzl EJ, Schwartz JB, Abner EL, Jicha GA, Kapogiannis D. High complement levels in astrocyte-derived exosomes of Alzheimer disease. Annals of neurology 2018. PMID: 29406582


  31. Schwartz JB, Woosley RL, Peck CC. Farewell to Our Good Friend, Outstanding Mentor, and Colleague Darrell R. Abernethy (1949-2017). Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 2018. PMID: 29435985


  32. Goetzl EJ, Abner EL, Jicha GA, Kapogiannis D, Schwartz JB. Declining levels of functionally specialized synaptic proteins in plasma neuronal exosomes with progression of Alzheimer's disease. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2018. PMID: 29025866


  33. Schwartz JB. Authors Have Incorrectly Calculated Need for Renal Dose Adjustments for NOACs. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2017. PMID: 29169485


  34. Schwartz J, Merrill S, de Leon N, Thompson A, Fang M. Dosing Accuracy of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in an Academic Medical Center. Journal of hospital medicine 2017. PMID: 28699943


  35. Goetzl EJ, Schwartz JB, Mustapic M, Lobach IV, Daneman R, Abner EL, Jicha GA. Altered cargo proteins of human plasma endothelial cell-derived exosomes in atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2017. PMID: 28476896


  36. Schwartz JB. Dabigatran Compared With Rivaroxaban vs Warfarin. JAMA internal medicine 2017. PMID: 28460097


  37. Schwartz JB, Rosano G, Channer KS. Letter to the Editor: "Effects of Testosterone Replacement on Electrocardiographic Parameters in Men: Findings From Two Randomized Trials". The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2017. PMID: 28482077


  38. Ahmed GF, Bathena SP, Brundage RC, Leppik IE, Conway JM, Schwartz JB, Birnbaum AK. Pharmacokinetics and Saturable Absorption of Gabapentin in Nursing Home Elderly Patients. The AAPS journal 2017. PMID: 28070716


  39. Schwartz, JB. Potential impact of substituting estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate for estimated Creatinine Clearance for dosing of Direct Oral Anticoagulants J Am Geriatr Soc 2016. PMID:


  40. Goetzl EJ, Kapogiannis D, Schwartz JB, Lobach IV, Goetzl L, Abner EL, Jicha GA, Karydas AM, Boxer A, Miller BL. Decreased synaptic proteins in neuronal exosomes of frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2016. PMID: 27601437


  41. Schwartz JB. Potential Effect of Substituting Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate for Estimated Creatinine Clearance for Dosing of Direct Oral Anticoagulants. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2016. PMID: 27549687


  42. Goetzl EJ, Mustapic M, Kapogiannis D, Eitan E, Lobach IV, Goetzl L, Schwartz JB, Miller BL. Cargo proteins of plasma astrocyte-derived exosomes in Alzheimer's disease. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2016. PMID: 27511944


  43. Schwartz JB, Kane L, Bikle D. Response of Vitamin D Concentration to Vitamin D3 Administration in Older Adults without Sun Exposure: A Randomized Double-Blind Trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2016. PMID: 26782853


  44. Goetzl EJ, Boxer A, Schwartz JB, Abner EL, Petersen RC, Miller BL, Kapogiannis D. Altered lysosomal proteins in neural-derived plasma exosomes in preclinical Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2015. PMID: 26062630


  45. Goetzl EJ, Boxer A, Schwartz JB, Abner EL, Petersen RC, Miller BL, Carlson OD, Mustapic M, Kapogiannis D. Low neural exosomal levels of cellular survival factors in Alzheimer's disease. Annals of clinical and translational neurology 2015. PMID: 26273689


  46. Dai X, Hummel SL, Salazar JB, Taffet GE, Zieman S, Schwartz JB. Cardiovascular physiology in the older adults. Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC 2015. PMID: 26089840


  47. Lai JC, Bikle DD, Lizaola B, Hayssen H, Terrault NA, Schwartz JB. Total 25(OH) vitamin D, free 25(OH) vitamin D and markers of bone turnover in cirrhotics with and without synthetic dysfunction. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver 2015. PMID: 25757956


  48. Kapogiannis D, Boxer A, Schwartz JB, Abner EL, Biragyn A, Masharani U, Frassetto L, Petersen RC, Miller BL, Goetzl EJ. Dysfunctionally phosphorylated type 1 insulin receptor substrate in neural-derived blood exosomes of preclinical Alzheimer's disease. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2014. PMID: 25342129


  49. Schwartz JB. Primary prevention: do the very elderly require a different approach? Trends in cardiovascular medicine 2014. PMID: 25560975


  50. Fiandaca MS, Kapogiannis D, Mapstone M, Boxer A, Eitan E, Schwartz JB, Abner EL, Petersen RC, Federoff HJ, Miller BL, Goetzl EJ. Identification of preclinical Alzheimer's disease by a profile of pathogenic proteins in neurally derived blood exosomes: A case-control study. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association 2014. PMID: 25130657


  51. Steinman MA, Miao Y, Boscardin WJ, Komaiko KD, Schwartz JB. Prescribing quality in older veterans: a multifocal approach. Journal of general internal medicine 2014. PMID: 25002159


  52. Moore KL, Boscardin WJ, Steinman MA, Schwartz JB. Patterns of chronic co-morbid medical conditions in older residents of U.S. nursing homes: differences between the sexes and across the agespan. The journal of nutrition, health & aging 2014. PMID: 24676326


  53. Schwartz JB, Moore KL, Yin M, Sharma A, Merenstein D, Islam T, Golub ET, Tien PC, Adeyemi OM. Relationship of vitamin D, HIV, HIV treatment, and lipid levels in the Women's Interagency HIV Study of HIV-infected and uninfected women in the United States. Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care 2014. PMID: 24668135


  54. Schwartz JB, Lai J, Lizaola B, Kane L, Weyland P, Terrault NA, Stotland N, Bikle D. Variability in free 25(OH) vitamin D levels in clinical populations. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 2013. PMID: 24240067


  55. Kane L, Moore K, Lütjohann D, Bikle D, Schwartz JB. Vitamin D3 effects on lipids differ in statin and non-statin-treated humans: superiority of free 25-OH D levels in detecting relationships. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2013. PMID: 24030939


  56. Mitsuhashi M, Taub DD, Kapogiannis D, Eitan E, Zukley L, Mattson MP, Ferrucci L, Schwartz JB, Goetzl EJ. Aging enhances release of exosomal cytokine mRNAs by Aß1-42-stimulated macrophages. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2013. PMID: 24014820


  57. Steinman MA, Lee SJ, John Boscardin W, Miao Y, Fung KZ, Moore KL, Schwartz JB. Patterns of multimorbidity in elderly veterans. Volume 60 of Issue 10. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2012. PMID: 23035702


  58. Taub DD, Hesdorffer CS, Ferrucci L, Madara K, Schwartz JB, Goetzl EJ. Distinct energy requirements for human memory CD4 T-cell homeostatic functions. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2012. PMID: 22972918


  59. Moore KL, Boscardin WJ, Steinman MA, Schwartz JB. Age and sex variation in prevalence of chronic medical conditions in older residents of U.S. nursing homes. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2012. PMID: 22463062


  60. Hesdorffer CS, Malchinkhuu E, Biragyn A, Mabrouk OS, Kennedy RT, Madara K, Taub DD, Longo DL, Schwartz JB, Ferrucci L, Goetzl EJ. Distinctive immunoregulatory effects of adenosine on T cells of older humans. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2011. PMID: 22121051


  61. Goetzl EJ, Schwartz JB, Huang MC. Defective T cell chemotaxis to sphingosine 1-phosphate and chemokine CCL21 in idiopathic T lymphocytopenia. Journal of clinical immunology 2011. PMID: 21671128


  62. Schwartz JB, Volterrani M, Caminiti G, Marazzi G, Fini M, Rosano GM, Iellamo F. Effects of testosterone on the Q-T interval in older men and older women with chronic heart failure. International journal of andrology 2011. PMID: 21615419


  63. Schwartz JB, Kane L, Moore K, Wu AH. Failure of pharmacogenetic-based dosing algorithms to identify older patients requiring low daily doses of warfarin. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 2011. PMID: 21450231


  64. Huang MC, Greig NH, Luo W, Tweedie D, Schwartz JB, Longo DL, Ferrucci L, Ershler WB, Goetzl EJ. Preferential enhancement of older human T cell cytokine generation, chemotaxis, proliferation and survival by lenalidomide. Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) 2010. PMID: 21130040


  65. Goetzl EJ, Huang MC, Kon J, Patel K, Schwartz JB, Fast K, Ferrucci L, Madara K, Taub DD, Longo DL. Gender specificity of altered human immune cytokine profiles in aging. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2010. PMID: 20453111


  66. Schwartz JB, Verotta D. Population analyses of atorvastatin clearance in patients living in the community and in nursing homes. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 2009. PMID: 19571802


  67. Schwartz JB and Abernethy, DR. 2009; 85 (1): 3-10.. Clin Pharmacol Ther Aging and medications: Past, Present, Future. 2009. PMID:


  68. Verotta D, Schwartz JB.. Clin Pharmacol Ther Population analyses of atorvastatin in patients living in the community and nursing homes. 2009. PMID:


  69. Schwartz JB. Effects of vitamin D supplementation in atorvastatin-treated patients: a new drug interaction with an unexpected consequence. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 2008. PMID: 18754003


  70. Schwartz JB. The current state of knowledge on age, sex, and their interactions on clinical pharmacology. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 2007. PMID: 17495875


  71. Alexander KP, Chen AY, Newby LK, Schwartz JB, Redberg RF, Hochman JS, Roe MT, Gibler WB, Ohman EM, Peterson ED. Sex differences in major bleeding with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors: results from the CRUSADE (Can Rapid risk stratification of Unstable angina patients Suppress ADverse outcomes with Early implementation of the ACC/AHA guidelines) initiative. Volume 114 of Issue 13. Circulation 2006. PMID: 16982940


  72. Schwartz JB. Erythromycin breath test results in elderly, very elderly, and frail elderly persons. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 2006. PMID: 16678546


  73. Kang D, Verotta D, Schwartz JB. Population analyses of amlodipine in patients living in the community and patients living in nursing homes. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 2006. PMID: 16413246


  74. Kang D, Schwartz JB, Verotta D. Sample size computations for PK/PD population models. Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 2005. PMID: 16284914


  75. Schwartz JB, Redberg RF. What does the Medicare prescription drug legislation mean for the American cardiologist? Volume 14 of Issue 6. The American journal of geriatric cardiology 2005. PMID: 16276130


  76. Kadish AH, Greenland P, Limacher MC, Frishman WH, Daugherty SA, Schwartz JB. Estrogen and progestin use and the QT interval in postmenopausal women. Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc 2004. PMID: 15485516


  77. Kang D, Schwartz JB, Verotta D. A sample size computation method for non-linear mixed effects models with applications to pharmacokinetics models. Statistics in medicine 2004. PMID: 15287084


  78. Schwartz JB. Sudden cardiac death among women in the United States. Circulation 2003. PMID: 14638535


  79. Schwartz JB. Gender-specific implications for cardiovascular medication use in the elderly optimizing therapy for older women. Cardiology in review 2003. PMID: 12943605


  80. Kang D, Verotta D, Krecic-Shepard ME, Modi NB, Gupta SK, Schwartz JB. Population analyses of sustained-release verapamil in patients: effects of sex, race, and smoking. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 2003. PMID: 12545141


  81. Schwartz JB. The influence of sex on pharmacokinetics. Clinical pharmacokinetics 2003. PMID: 12537512


  82. Haller C, Schwartz JB. Pharmacologic agents for weight reduction. The journal of gender-specific medicine : JGSM : the official journal of the Partnership for Women's Health at Columbia 2002. PMID: 12380196


  83. Schwartz JB. Peripheral arterial disease: drug therapy. The journal of gender-specific medicine : JGSM : the official journal of the Partnership for Women's Health at Columbia 2002. PMID: 12192882


  84. Schwartz JB. Pharmacogenetics: has it reached the clinic? The journal of gender-specific medicine : JGSM : the official journal of the Partnership for Women's Health at Columbia 2002. PMID: 11974670


  85. Schwartz JB. Anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapies in women. The journal of gender-specific medicine : JGSM : the official journal of the Partnership for Women's Health at Columbia 2002. PMID: 11859682


  86. Schwartz JB. Drug Interactions in the Elderly With Coronary Artery Disease - Do These Interfere With Effective Therapy? The American journal of geriatric cardiology 1998. PMID: 11416440


  87. Schwartz JB. Age-Related Pharmacodynamic Changes in the Elderly: Treatment Considerations in Heart Failure. The American journal of geriatric cardiology 1996. PMID: 11416366