Satish Pillai, PhD

Adjunct Professor

Despite nearly three decades of focused research since the discovery of HIV-1, to date there is no cure or effective prophylactic vaccine for HIV-1 infection. Although the advent of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has dramatically decreased the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV-1 infection, there is a pronounced demand for alternative clinical management strategies due to frequent evolution of antiretroviral resistance, toxicity, and access constraints in resource-limited settings. My research is focused on identifying and characterizing novel host factors that act against HIV-1, by investigating the molecular determinants underlying the anti-HIV-1 activity of the antiviral cytokine interferon-alpha (IFN-a) in vivo. These host factors may serve as the foundations of future prophylactic, therapeutic and eradication strategies for HIV-1 infection.

Induction of IFN-a expression is a critical first step in the defense against a range of viral infections. The antiretroviral activity of the IFN-a cytokine was demonstrated in vitro almost immediately after the discovery of HIV-1, and includes inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcription, viral assembly and virion release. Several clinical studies including our own report that IFN-a treatment acts against HIV-1 in vivo, and potently suppresses HIV-1 viremia in chronically-infected individuals. The precise molecular mechanisms underlying this suppressive activity in vivo, however, remain to be elucidated.

My laboratory uses a systems biology approach to decipher the antiretroviral effects of IFN-a in vivo, by studying host gene expression, viral production and viral evolution in HIV-1-infected individuals undergoing IFN-a therapy. Recent data generated by our group strongly suggest that IFN-a suppresses HIV-1 replication in chronically infected individuals by inducing intrinsic cellular inhibitors of retroviral replication known as host restriction factors. One of these factors, the cytidine deaminase APOBEC3, blocks HIV-1 infection by hypermutating the viral genome so it no longer encodes functional proteins that are necessary for viral replication. Another factor, the type 2 integral membrane protein BST-2/tetherin, blocks HIV-1 infection by restricting the release of fully formed progeny virions from infected cells. Our data warrant investigation into therapeutic strategies that specifically enhance the expression of these intrinsic immune factors in HIV-1-infected individuals. For a concise explanation of my latest research and its implications, please visit this new UCSF press release:

http://www.ucsf.edu/news/2012/02/11598/fighting-infections-old-drug-reveals-new-tricks

In addition to the my principal research projects involving IFN-a and host restriction factors, I participate as a bioinformaticist and phylogeneticist in a number of HIV/AIDS collaborations with researchers at the San Francisco VA Medical Center (SFVAMC), San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH) and the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology (GIVI).

Publications

  1. Serrano-Villar S, Gala A, Bacchetti P, Hoh R, di Germanio C, Cohn LB, Henrich TJ, Hunt PW, Laird GM, Pillai SK, Deeks SG, Peluso MJ. Galectin-9 Levels as a Potential Predictor of Intact HIV Reservoir Decay. The Journal of infectious diseases 2024. PMID: 39207259


  2. Bouzidi MS, Dossani ZY, Benedetto CD, Raymond KA, Desai S, Chavez LR, Betancur P, Pillai SK. High-resolution Inference of Multiplexed Anti-HIV Gene Editing using Single-Cell Targeted DNA Sequencing. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2024. PMID: 38328062


  3. Michon M, Müller-Schiffmann A, Lingappa AF, Yu SF, Du L, Deiter F, Broce S, Mallesh S, Crabtree J, Lingappa UF, Macieik A, Müller L, Ostermann PN, Andrée M, Adams O, Schaal H, Hogan RJ, Tripp RA, Appaiah U, Anand SK, Campi TW, Ford MJ, Reed JC, Lin J, Akintunde O, Copeland K, Nichols C, Petrouski E, Moreira AR, Jiang IT, DeYarman N, Brown I, Lau S, Segal I, Goldsmith D, Hong S, Asundi V, Briggs EM, Phyo NS, Froehlich M, Onisko B, Matlack K, Dey D, Lingappa JR, Prasad DM, Kitaygorodskyy A, Solas D, Boushey H, Greenland J, Pillai S, Lo MK, Montgomery JM, Spiropoulou CF, Korth C, Selvarajah S, Paulvannan K, Lingappa VR. A pan-respiratory antiviral chemotype targeting a transient host multi-protein complex. Open biology 2024. PMID: 38889796


  4. Du L, Deiter F, Bouzidi MS, Billaud JN, Simmons G, Dabral P, Selvarajah S, Lingappa AF, Michon M, Yu SF, Paulvannan K, Manicassamy B, Lingappa VR, Boushey H, Greenland JR, Pillai SK. A viral assembly inhibitor blocks SARS-CoV-2 replication in airway epithelial cells. Communications biology 2024. PMID: 38649430


  5. Selvarajah S, Lingappa AF, Michon M, Du L, Deiter F, Yu SF, Macieik A, Mallesh S, Appaiah U, Crabtree J, Copeland K, Müller-Schiffmann A, Müller L, Ostermann PN, Andrée M, Adams O, Schaal H, Hogan RJ, Tripp RA, Anand SK, Campi TW, Ford MJ, Reed JC, Lin J, Akintunde O, Nichols C, Petrouski E, Moreira AR, Jiang IT, DeYarman N, Broce S, Brown I, Lau S, Segal I, Goldsmith D, Hong S, Asundi V, Briggs EM, Phyo NS, Froehlich M, Onisko B, Matlack K, Dey D, Lingappa JR, Prasad MD, Korth C, Kitaygorodskyy A, Solas D, Boushey H, Greenland J, Pillai S, Paulvannan K, Lingappa VR. From COVID-19 to the Common Cold: Novel Host-Targeted, Pan-Respiratory Antiviral Small Molecule Therapeutics. 2021. PMID: 34931190


  6. Sperber HS, Raymond KA, Bouzidi MS, Ma T, Valdebenito S, Eugenin EA, Roan NR, Deeks SG, Winning S, Fandrey J, Schwarzer R, Pillai SK. The hypoxia-regulated ectonucleotidase CD73 is a host determinant of HIV latency. Cell reports 2023. PMID: 37910505


  7. Du L, Bouzidi MS, Gala A, Deiter F, Billaud JN, Yeung ST, Dabral P, Jin J, Simmons G, Dossani ZY, Niki T, Ndhlovu LC, Greenland JR, Pillai SK. Human galectin-9 potently enhances SARS-CoV-2 replication and inflammation in airway epithelial cells. Journal of molecular cell biology 2023. PMID: 37127426


  8. De Rop FV, Hulselmans G, Flerin C, Soler-Vila P, Rafels A, Christiaens V, González-Blas CB, Marchese D, Caratù G, Poovathingal S, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Slyper M, Luo W, Muus C, Duarte F, Shrestha R, Bagdatli ST, Corces MR, Mamanova L, Knights A, Meyer KB, Mulqueen R, Taherinasab A, Maschmeyer P, Pezoldt J, Lambert CLG, Iglesias M, Najle SR, Dossani ZY, Martelotto LG, Burkett Z, Lebofsky R, Martin-Subero JI, Pillai S, Sebé-Pedrós A, Deplancke B, Teichmann SA, Ludwig LS, Braun TP, Adey AC, Greenleaf WJ, Buenrostro JD, Regev A, Aerts S, Heyn H. Systematic benchmarking of single-cell ATAC-sequencing protocols. Nature biotechnology 2023. PMID: 37537502


  9. Premeaux TA, Yeung ST, Pillai SK, Ndhlovu LC. Elevated Galectin-9 across the human brain correlates with HIV neuropathology and detrimental cognitive states. Journal of neurovirology 2023. PMID: 37233903


  10. Pillai S, Du L, Deiter F, Bouzidi M, Billaud JN, Graham S, Prerna D, Selvarajah S, Lingappa A, Michon M, Yu S, Paulvannan K, Lingappa V, Boushey H, Greenland J. A Novel Viral Assembly Inhibitor Blocks SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Airway Epithelial Cells. Research square 2023. PMID: 37292622


  11. M. Peluso, S. Serrano-Villar, A. Gala, P. Bacchetti, C. Digermanio, L. Cohn, P. Hunt, G. Laird, S. Pillai, S. Deeks. OP 4.7 – 00121 Circulating immune predictors of intact HIV reservoir decay during long-term ART. Journal of virus eradication 2022. PMID:


  12. Siegel DA, Thanh C, Wan E, Hoh R, Hobbs K, Pan T, Gibson EA, Kroetz DL, Martin J, Hecht F, Pilcher C, Martin M, Carrington M, Pillai S, Busch MP, Stone M, Levy CN, Huang ML, Roychoudhury P, Hladik F, Jerome KR, Kiem HP, Henrich TJ, Deeks SG, Lee SA. Host variation in type I interferon signaling genes (MX1), C-C chemokine receptor type 5 gene, and major histocompatibility complex class I alleles in treated HIV+ noncontrollers predict viral reservoir size. AIDS (London, England) 2022. PMID: 36695358


  13. Yeung ST, Premeaux TA, Du L, Niki T, Pillai SK, Khanna KM, Ndhlovu LC. Galectin-9 protects humanized-ACE2 immunocompetent mice from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Frontiers in immunology 2022. PMID: 36325323


  14. Khanna K, Raymond W, Jin J, Charbit AR, Gitlin I, Tang M, Werts AD, Barrett EG, Cox JM, Birch SM, Martinelli R, Sperber HS, Franz S, Duff T, Hoffmann M, Healy AM, Oscarson S, Pöhlmann S, Pillai SK, Simmons G, Fahy JV. Exploring antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of thiol drugs in COVID-19. American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology 2022. PMID: 35762590


  15. Du L, Bouzidi MS, Gala A, Deiter F, Billaud JN, Yeung ST, Dabral P, Jin J, Simmons G, Dossani Z, Niki T, Ndhlovu LC, Greenland JR, Pillai SK. Human Galectin-9 Potently Enhances SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Inflammation in Airway Epithelial Cells. 2022. PMID: 35378763


  16. Stephen T Yeung, Thomas A Premeaux, Toshiro Niki, Satish K Pillai, Kamal M Khanna, Lishomwa C Ndhlovu. Galectin-9 protects humanized-ACE2 immunocompetent mice from SARS-CoV-2 Infection. The Journal of Immunology 2022. PMID:


  17. Bhattacharyya A, Boostanpour K, Bouzidi M, Magee L, Chen TY, Wolters R, Torre P, Pillai SK, Bhattacharya M. IL10 trains macrophage pro-fibrotic function after lung injury. 2022. PMID: 35107021


  18. Khanna K, Raymond W, Charbit AR, Jin J, Gitlin I, Tang M, Sperber HS, Franz S, Pillai S, Simmons G, Fahy JV. Binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to ACE2 is disabled by thiol-based drugs; evidence from in vitro SARS-CoV-2 infection studies. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2020. PMID: 33330868


  19. Hiatt J, Cavero DA, McGregor MJ, Zheng W, Budzik JM, Roth TL, Haas KM, Wu D, Rathore U, Meyer-Franke A, Bouzidi MS, Shifrut E, Lee Y, Kumar VE, Dang EV, Gordon DE, Wojcechowskyj JA, Hultquist JF, Fontaine KA, Pillai SK, Cox JS, Ernst JD, Krogan NJ, Marson A. Efficient generation of isogenic primary human myeloid cells using CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins. Cell reports 2021. PMID: 33979618


  20. Egedal JH, Xie G, Packard TA, Laustsen A, Neidleman J, Georgiou K, Pillai SK, Greene WC, Jakobsen MR, Roan NR. Hyaluronic acid is a negative regulator of mucosal fibroblast-mediated enhancement of HIV infection. Mucosal immunology 2021. PMID: 33976386


  21. Rutishauser RL, Deguit CDT, Hiatt J, Blaeschke F, Roth TL, Wang L, Raymond KA, Starke CE, Mudd JC, Chen W, Smullin C, Matus-Nicodemos R, Hoh R, Krone M, Hecht FM, Pilcher CD, Martin JN, Koup RA, Douek DC, Brenchley JM, Sékaly RP, Pillai SK, Marson A, Deeks SG, McCune JM, Hunt PW. TCF-1 regulates HIV-specific CD8+ T cell expansion capacity. JCI insight 2021. PMID: 33351785


  22. Gramatica A, Schwarzer R, Brantley W, Varco-Merth B, Sperber HS, Hull PA, Montano M, Migueles SA, Rosenthal D, Hogan LE, Johnson JR, Packard TA, Grimmett ZW, Herzig E, Besnard E, Nekorchuk M, Hsiao F, Deeks SG, Snape M, Kiernan B, Roan NR, Lifson JD, Estes JD, Picker LJ, Verdin E, Krogan NJ, Henrich TJ, Connors M, Ott M, Pillai SK, Okoye AA, Greene WC. Evaluating a New Class of AKT/mTOR Activators for HIV Latency Reversing Activity Ex Vivo and In Vivo. Journal of virology 2021. PMID: 33536176


  23. Ng DL, Goldgof GM, Shy BR, Levine AG, Balcerek J, Bapat SP, Prostko J, Rodgers M, Coller K, Pearce S, Franz S, Du L, Stone M, Pillai SK, Sotomayor-Gonzalez A, Servellita V, Martin CSS, Granados A, Glasner DR, Han LM, Truong K, Akagi N, Nguyen DN, Neumann NM, Qazi D, Hsu E, Gu W, Santos YA, Custer B, Green V, Williamson P, Hills NK, Lu CM, Whitman JD, Stramer SL, Wang C, Reyes K, Hakim JMC, Sujishi K, Alazzeh F, Pham L, Thornborrow E, Oon CY, Miller S, Kurtz T, Simmons G, Hackett J, Busch MP, Chiu CY. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and neutralizing activity in donor and patient blood. Nature communications 2020. PMID: 32943630


  24. Sperber HS, Togarrati PP, Raymond KA, Bouzidi MS, Gilfanova R, Gutierrez AG, Muench MO, Pillai SK. µ-Lat: A mouse model to evaluate human immunodeficiency virus eradication strategies. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2020. PMID: 32901981


  25. Marques de Menezes EG, Jang K, George AF, Nyegaard M, Neidleman J, Inglis HC, Danesh A, Deng X, Afshari A, Kim YH, Billaud JN, Marson K, Pilcher CD, Pillai SK, Norris PJ, Roan NR. Seminal plasma-derived extracellular vesicle fractions from HIV-infected men exhibit unique miRNA signatures and induce a pro-inflammatory response in cells isolated from the female reproductive tract. Journal of virology 2020. PMID: 32434889


  26. Vallejo-Gracia A, Chen IP, Perrone R, Besnard E, Boehm D, Battivelli E, Tezil T, Krey K, Raymond KA, Hull PA, Walter M, Habrylo I, Cruz A, Deeks S, Pillai S, Verdin E, Ott M. FOXO1 promotes HIV latency by suppressing ER stress in T cells. Nature microbiology 2020. PMID: 32541947


  27. Ng D, Goldgof G, Shy B, Levine A, Balcerek J, Bapat SP, Prostko J, Rodgers M, Coller K, Pearce S, Franz S, Du L, Stone M, Pillai S, Sotomayor-Gonzalez A, Servellita V, Sanchez-San Martin C, Granados A, Glasner DR, Han LM, Truong K, Akagi N, Nguyen DN, Neumann N, Qazi D, Hsu E, Gu W, Santos YA, Custer B, Green V, Williamson P, Hills NK, Lu CM, Whitman JD, Stramer S, Wang C, Reyes K, Hakim J, Sujishi K, Alazzeh F, Pharm L, Oon CY, Miller S, Kurtz T, Hackett J, Simmons G, Busch MP, Chiu CY. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and neutralizing activity in donor and patient blood from the San Francisco Bay Area. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences 2020. PMID: 32511477


  28. H. Sperber, T. Ma, N.R. Roan, S.K. Pillai. OP 1.1 Expression profiling of HIV latently-infected cells using nanostring and mass cytometry. Journal of virus eradication 2019. PMID:


  29. H. Sperber, P.P. Togarrati, K. Raymond, M.S. Bouzidi, R. Gilfanova, M.O. Muench, S.K. Pillai. PP 2.6 µ-Lat: a high-throughput humanised mouse model of latent HIV infection. Journal of virus eradication 2019. PMID:


  30. Li Z, Wu J, Chavez L, Hoh R, Deeks SG, Pillai SK, Zhou Q. Reiterative Enrichment and Authentication of CRISPRi Targets (REACT) identifies the proteasome as a key contributor to HIV-1 latency. PLoS pathogens 2019. PMID: 30645648


  31. Premeaux TA, D'Antoni ML, Abdel-Mohsen M, Pillai SK, Kallianpur KJ, Nakamoto BK, Agsalda-Garcia M, Shiramizu B, Shikuma CM, Gisslén M, Price RW, Valcour V, Ndhlovu LC. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid Galectin-9 is associated with central nervous system immune activation and poor cognitive performance in older HIV-infected individuals. Journal of neurovirology 2018. PMID: 30478799


  32. Laustsen A, Bak RO, Krapp C, Kjær L, Egedahl JH, Petersen CC, Pillai S, Tang HQ, Uldbjerg N, Porteus M, Roan NR, Nyegaard M, Denton PW, Jakobsen MR. Interferon priming is essential for human CD34+ cell-derived plasmacytoid dendritic cell maturation and function. Nature communications 2018. PMID: 30166549


  33. Danesh A, Inglis HC, Abdel-Mohsen M, Deng X, Adelman A, Schechtman KB, Heitman JW, Vilardi R, Shah A, Keating SM, Cohen MJ, Jacobs ES, Pillai SK, Lacroix J, Spinella PC, Norris PJ. Granulocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Activate Monocytes and Are Associated With Mortality in Intensive Care Unit Patients. Frontiers in immunology 2018. PMID: 29867942


  34. Battivelli E, Dahabieh MS, Abdel-Mohsen M, Svensson JP, Tojal Da Silva I, Cohn LB, Gramatica A, Deeks S, Greene WC, Pillai SK, Verdin E. Distinct chromatin functional states correlate with HIV latency reactivation in infected primary CD4+ T Cells. eLife 2018. PMID: 29714165


  35. Philip Norris, Heather C. Inglis, Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen, Xutao Deng, Avril Adelman, Kenneth B. Schechtman, Sheila Marie Keating, Mitchell J. Cohen, Evan S. Jacobs, Satish Pillai, Jacques Lacroix, Philip C. Spinella, Ali Danesh. Granulocyte-derived extracellular vesicles activate monocytes and are associated with mortality in ICU patients. The Journal of Immunology 2018. PMID:


  36. . D-106 Chromatin Functional States Correlate with the Reversal of Latently HIV-1 Infected Primary CD4+ T cells. 2018. PMID:


  37. Bangirana P, Ruel TD, Boivin MJ, Pillai SK, Giron LB, Sikorskii A, Banik A, Achan J. Absence of neurocognitive disadvantage associated with paediatric HIV subtype A infection in children on antiretroviral therapy. Volume 20 of Issue 2. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2017. PMID: 29052340


  38. Krarup AR, Abdel-Mohsen M, Schleimann MH, Vibholm L, Engen PA, Dige A, Wittig B, Schmidt M, Green SJ, Naqib A, Keshavarzian A, Deng X, Olesen R, Petersen AM, Benfield T, Østergaard L, Rasmussen TA, Agnholt J, Nyengaard JR, Landay A, Søgaard OS, Pillai SK, Tolstrup M, Denton PW. The TLR9 agonist MGN1703 triggers a potent type I interferon response in the sigmoid colon. Volume 11 of Issue 2. Mucosal immunology 2017. PMID: 28766555


  39. Keating SM, Pilcher CD, Jain V, Lebedeva M, Hampton D, Abdel-Mohsen M, Deng X, Murphy G, Welte A, Facente SN, Hecht F, Deeks SG, Pillai SK, Busch MP. HIV Antibody Level as a Marker of HIV Persistence and Low-Level Viral Replication. Volume 216 of Issue 1. The Journal of infectious diseases 2017. PMID: 28498985


  40. I. Munoz-Arias, E. Hanhauser, L. Hogan, M.A. Mohsen, Kristen Hobbs, C. Thanh, E. Gibson, S.G. Deeks, S.K. Pillai, T.J. Henrich. OA2-3 Small-molecule chemotherapeutic drugs reactivate HIV-1 via non-canonical pathways and modulate CD8 T cell response. Journal of virus eradication 2017. PMID:


  41. Vibholm L, Schleimann MH, Højen JF, Benfield T, Offersen R, Rasmussen K, Olesen R, Dige A, Agnholt J, Grau J, Buzon M, Wittig B, Lichterfeld M, Petersen AM, Deng X, Abdel-Mohsen M, Pillai SK, Rutsaert S, Trypsteen W, De Spiegelaere W, Vandekerchove L, Østergaard L, Rasmussen TA, Denton PW, Tolstrup M, Søgaard OS. Short-Course Toll-Like Receptor 9 Agonist Treatment Impacts Innate Immunity and Plasma Viremia in Individuals With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Volume 64 of Issue 12. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2017. PMID: 28329286


  42. Togarrati PP, Sasaki RT, Abdel-Mohsen M, Dinglasan N, Deng X, Desai S, Emmerson E, Yee E, Ryan WR, da Silva MCP, Knox SM, Pillai SK, Muench MO. Identification and characterization of a rich population of CD34+ mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in human parotid, sublingual and submandibular glands. Volume 7 of Issue 1. Scientific Reports 2017. PMID: 28615711


  43. Pillai SK, Deeks SG. Signature of the Sleeper Cell: A Biomarker of HIV Latency Revealed. Volume 38 of Issue 7. Trends in immunology 2017. PMID: 28511815


  44. Henrich TJ, Deeks SG, Pillai SK. Measuring the Size of the Latent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reservoir: The Present and Future of Evaluating Eradication Strategies. Volume 215 of Issue suppl_3. The Journal of infectious diseases 2017. PMID: 28520968


  45. Jacobs ES, Keating SM, Abdel-Mohsen M, Gibb SL, Heitman JW, Inglis HC, Martin JN, Zhang J, Kaidarova Z, Deng X, Wu S, Anastos K, Crystal H, Villacres MC, Young M, Greenblatt RM, Landay AL, Gange SJ, Deeks SG, Golub ET, Pillai SK, Norris PJ. Cytokines Elevated in HIV Elite Controllers Reduce HIV Replication In Vitro and Modulate HIV Restriction Factor Expression. Volume 91 of Issue 6. Journal of virology 2017. PMID: 28053103


  46. Abdel-Mohsen M, Chavez L, Tandon R, Chew GM, Deng X, Danesh A, Keating S, Lanteri M, Samuels ML, Hoh R, Sacha JB, Norris PJ, Niki T, Shikuma CM, Hirashima M, Deeks SG, Ndhlovu LC, Pillai SK. Human Galectin-9 Is a Potent Mediator of HIV Transcription and Reactivation. Volume 12 of Issue 6. PLoS pathogens 2016. PMID: 27253379


  47. M. Abdel-Mohsen, L. Chavez, G.M. Chew, X. Deng, A. Danesh, S. Keating, R. Hoh, S.G. Deeks, L.C. Ndhlovu, S.K. Pillai. Human galectin-9 is a potent mediator of HIV transcription and reactivation. Journal of virus eradication 2015. PMID:


  48. L. Bertoni Giron, S. Tenore, M.C. Araripe Sucupira, L.M. Janini, S. Pillai, R. Sobhie Diaz. PP 3.19 Evidence of ongoing HIV replication during suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Journal of virus eradication 2015. PMID:


  49. Gibb SL, Zhao Y, Potter D, Hylin MJ, Bruhn R, Baimukanova G, Zhao J, Xue H, Abdel-Mohsen M, Pillai SK, Moore AN, Johnson EM, Cox CS, Dash PK, Pati S. TIMP3 Attenuates the Loss of Neural Stem Cells, Mature Neurons and Neurocognitive Dysfunction in Traumatic Brain Injury. Volume 33 of Issue 12. Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) 2015. PMID: 26299440


  50. Raposo RA, Gupta R, Abdel-Mohsen M, Dimon M, Debbaneh M, Jiang W, York VA, Leadabrand KS, Brown G, Malakouti M, Arron S, Kuebler PJ, Wu JJ, Pillai SK, Nixon DF, Liao W. Antiviral gene expression in psoriasis. Volume 29 of Issue 10. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV 2015. PMID: 25809693


  51. Abdel-Mohsen M, Wang C, Strain MC, Lada SM, Deng X, Cockerham LR, Pilcher CD, Hecht FM, Liegler T, Richman DD, Deeks SG, Pillai SK. Select host restriction factors are associated with HIV persistence during antiretroviral therapy. Volume 29 of Issue 4. AIDS (London, England) 2015. PMID: 25602681


  52. Abdel-Mohsen M, Deng X, Danesh A, Liegler T, Jacobs ES, Rauch A, Ledergerber B, Norris PJ, Günthard HF, Wong JK, Pillai SK. Role of microRNA modulation in the interferon-a/ribavirin suppression of HIV-1 in vivo. Volume 9 of Issue 10. PloS one 2014. PMID: 25275557


  53. . Evolutionary History of the Proviruses HERV-K 113 and HERV-K 115. 2014. PMID:


  54. Raposo RA, Abdel-Mohsen M, Deng X, Hecht FM, Pilcher CD, Pillai SK, Nixon DF. Dynamic regulation of host restriction factor expression over the course of HIV-1 infection in vivo. Volume 88 of Issue 19. Journal of virology 2014. PMID: 25031350


  55. Wang C, Abdel-Mohsen M, Strain MC, Lada SM, Yukl S, Cockerham LR, Pilcher CD, Hecht FM, Sinclair E, Liegler T, Richman DD, Deeks SG, Pillai SK. Decreased HIV type 1 transcription in CCR5-?32 heterozygotes during suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Volume 210 of Issue 11. The Journal of infectious diseases 2014. PMID: 24935955


  56. Abdel-Mohsen M, Deng X, Liegler T, Guatelli JC, Salama MS, Ghanem Hel-D, Rauch A, Ledergerber B, Deeks SG, Günthard HF, Wong JK, Pillai SK. Effects of alpha interferon treatment on intrinsic anti-HIV-1 immunity in vivo. Volume 88 of Issue 1. Journal of virology 2013. PMID: 24155399


  57. Abdel-Mohsen M, Raposo RA, Deng X, Li M, Liegler T, Sinclair E, Salama MS, Ghanem Hel-D, Hoh R, Wong JK, David M, Nixon DF, Deeks SG, Pillai SK. Expression profile of host restriction factors in HIV-1 elite controllers. Volume 10. Retrovirology 2013. PMID: 24131498


  58. Zou S, Glynn S, Kuritzkes D, Shah M, Cook N, Berliner N. Hematopoietic cell transplantation and HIV cure: where we are and what next? Volume 122 of Issue 18. Blood 2013. PMID: 24009230


  59. Raposo RA, Abdel-Mohsen M, Bilska M, Montefiori DC, Nixon DF, Pillai SK. Effects of cellular activation on anti-HIV-1 restriction factor expression profile in primary cells. Volume 87 of Issue 21. Journal of virology 2013. PMID: 23966394


  60. Raposo RA, Abdel-Mohsen M, Holditch SJ, Kuebler PJ, Cheng RG, Eriksson EM, Liao W, Pillai SK, Nixon DF. Increased expression of intrinsic antiviral genes in HLA-B*57-positive individuals. Volume 94 of Issue 5. Journal of leukocyte biology 2013. PMID: 23929683


  61. Yukl SA, Boritz E, Busch M, Bentsen C, Chun TW, Douek D, Eisele E, Haase A, Ho YC, Hütter G, Justement JS, Keating S, Lee TH, Li P, Murray D, Palmer S, Pilcher C, Pillai S, Price RW, Rothenberger M, Schacker T, Siliciano J, Siliciano R, Sinclair E, Strain M, Wong J, Richman D, Deeks SG. Challenges in detecting HIV persistence during potentially curative interventions: a study of the Berlin patient. Volume 9 of Issue 5. PLoS pathogens 2013. PMID: 23671416


  62. Andre Raposo, Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen, Frederick Hecht, Christopher Pilcher, Satish Pillai, Douglas Nixon. Host correlates distinguish low-risk and high-risk HIV-1 disease progression in HLA-B*5701 individuals (P6169). The Journal of Immunology 2013. PMID:


  63. Pillai SK, Abdel-Mohsen M, Guatelli J, Skasko M, Monto A, Fujimoto K, Yukl S, Greene WC, Kovari H, Rauch A, Fellay J, Battegay M, Hirschel B, Witteck A, Bernasconi E, Ledergerber B, Günthard HF, Wong JK. Role of retroviral restriction factors in the interferon-a-mediated suppression of HIV-1 in vivo. Volume 109 of Issue 8. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012. PMID: 22315404


  64. Jha AR, Nixon DF, Rosenberg MG, Martin JN, Deeks SG, Hudson RR, Garrison KE, Pillai SK. Human endogenous retrovirus K106 (HERV-K106) was infectious after the emergence of anatomically modern humans. Volume 6 of Issue 5. PloS one 2011. PMID: 21633511


  65. Skasko M, Tokarev A, Chen CC, Fischer WB, Pillai SK, Guatelli J. BST-2 is rapidly down-regulated from the cell surface by the HIV-1 protein Vpu: evidence for a post-ER mechanism of Vpu-action. Volume 411 of Issue 1. Virology 2011. PMID: 21237475


  66. Rempel H, Sun B, Calosing C, Pillai SK, Pulliam L. Interferon-alpha drives monocyte gene expression in chronic unsuppressed HIV-1 infection. Volume 24 of Issue 10. AIDS (London, England) 2010. PMID: 20495440


  67. Wong JK, Strain MC, Porrata R, Reay E, Sankaran-Walters S, Ignacio CC, Russell T, Pillai SK, Looney DJ, Dandekar S. In vivo CD8+ T-cell suppression of siv viremia is not mediated by CTL clearance of productively infected cells. Volume 6 of Issue 1. PLoS pathogens 2010. PMID: 20126442


  68. Manosuthi W, Butler DM, Pérez-Santiago J, Poon AF, Pillai SK, Mehta SR, Pacold ME, Richman DD, Pond SK, Smith DM. Protease polymorphisms in HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE represent selection by antiretroviral therapy and host immune pressure. Volume 24 of Issue 3. AIDS (London, England) 2010. PMID: 20009919


  69. Jha AR, Pillai SK, York VA, Sharp ER, Storm EC, Wachter DJ, Martin JN, Deeks SG, Rosenberg MG, Nixon DF, Garrison KE. Cross-sectional dating of novel haplotypes of HERV-K 113 and HERV-K 115 indicate these proviruses originated in Africa before Homo sapiens. Volume 26 of Issue 11. Molecular biology and evolution 2009. PMID: 19666991


  70. Joos B, Rieder P, Fischer M, Kuster H, Rusert P, Trkola A, Pillai SK, Wong JK, Weber R, Günthard HF. Association between specific HIV-1 Env traits and virologic control in vivo. Volume 10 of Issue 3. Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases 2009. PMID: 19524069


  71. Yukl S, Pillai S, Li P, Chang K, Pasutti W, Ahlgren C, Havlir D, Strain M, Günthard H, Richman D, Rice AP, Daar E, Little S, Wong JK. Latently-infected CD4+ T cells are enriched for HIV-1 Tat variants with impaired transactivation activity. Volume 387 of Issue 1. Virology 2009. PMID: 19268337


  72. Smith DM, Zárate S, Shao H, Pillai SK, Letendre SL, Wong JK, Richman DD, Frost SD, Ellis RJ. Pleocytosis is associated with disruption of HIV compartmentalization between blood and cerebral spinal fluid viral populations. Volume 385 of Issue 1. Virology 2008. PMID: 19100592


  73. Joos B, Fischer M, Kuster H, Pillai SK, Wong JK, Böni J, Hirschel B, Weber R, Trkola A, Günthard HF. HIV rebounds from latently infected cells, rather than from continuing low-level replication. Volume 105 of Issue 43. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2008. PMID: 18936487


  74. Kosakovsky Pond SL, Poon AF, Zárate S, Smith DM, Little SJ, Pillai SK, Ellis RJ, Wong JK, Leigh Brown AJ, Richman DD, Frost SD. Estimating selection pressures on HIV-1 using phylogenetic likelihood models. Volume 27 of Issue 23. Statistics in medicine 2008. PMID: 18381707


  75. Pilcher CD, Wong JK, Pillai SK. Inferring HIV transmission dynamics from phylogenetic sequence relationships. Volume 5 of Issue 3. PLoS medicine 2008. PMID: 18351799


  76. Pillai SK, Wong JK, Barbour JD. Turning up the volume on mutational pressure: is more of a good thing always better? (A case study of HIV-1 Vif and APOBEC3). Volume 5. Retrovirology 2008. PMID: 18339206


  77. Low AJ, Dong W, Chan D, Sing T, Swanstrom R, Jensen M, Pillai S, Good B, Harrigan PR. Current V3 genotyping algorithms are inadequate for predicting X4 co-receptor usage in clinical isolates. Volume 21 of Issue 14. AIDS (London, England) 2007. PMID: 17721088


  78. Willberg CB, Pillai SK, Sharp ER, Rosenberg MG, Agudelo JD, Barbour JD, Nixon DF. Rational peptide selection to detect human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific T-cell responses under resource-limited conditions. Volume 14 of Issue 6. Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI 2007. PMID: 17409221


  79. Noviello CM, Pond SL, Lewis MJ, Richman DD, Pillai SK, Yang OO, Little SJ, Smith DM, Guatelli JC. Maintenance of Nef-mediated modulation of major histocompatibility complex class I and CD4 after sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Volume 81 of Issue 9. Journal of virology 2007. PMID: 17329339


  80. Smith DM, Strain MC, Frost SD, Pillai SK, Wong JK, Wrin T, Liu Y, Petropolous CJ, Daar ES, Little SJ, Richman DD. Lack of neutralizing antibody response to HIV-1 predisposes to superinfection. Volume 355 of Issue 1. Virology 2006. PMID: 16962152


  81. Pillai SK, Pond SL, Liu Y, Good BM, Strain MC, Ellis RJ, Letendre S, Smith DM, Günthard HF, Grant I, Marcotte TD, McCutchan JA, Richman DD, Wong JK. Genetic attributes of cerebrospinal fluid-derived HIV-1 env. Volume 129 of Issue Pt 7. Brain : a journal of neurology 2006. PMID: 16735456


  82. Coleman SH, Madrid R, Van Damme N, Mitchell RS, Bouchet J, Servant C, Pillai S, Benichou S, Guatelli JC. Modulation of cellular protein trafficking by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef: role of the acidic residue in the ExxxLL motif. Volume 80 of Issue 4. Journal of virology 2006. PMID: 16439540


  83. Pillai SK, Kosakovsky Pond SL, Woelk CH, Richman DD, Smith DM. Codon volatility does not reflect selective pressure on the HIV-1 genome. Volume 336 of Issue 2. Virology 2005. PMID: 15892955


  84. Strain MC, Letendre S, Pillai SK, Russell T, Ignacio CC, Günthard HF, Good B, Smith DM, Wolinsky SM, Furtado M, Marquie-Beck J, Durelle J, Grant I, Richman DD, Marcotte T, McCutchan JA, Ellis RJ, Wong JK. Genetic composition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in cerebrospinal fluid and blood without treatment and during failing antiretroviral therapy. Volume 79 of Issue 3. Journal of virology 2005. PMID: 15650202


  85. Pillai SK, Good B, Pond SK, Wong JK, Strain MC, Richman DD, Smith DM. Semen-specific genetic characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env. Volume 79 of Issue 3. Journal of virology 2005. PMID: 15650198


  86. Yu Q, König R, Pillai S, Chiles K, Kearney M, Palmer S, Richman D, Coffin JM, Landau NR. Single-strand specificity of APOBEC3G accounts for minus-strand deamination of the HIV genome. Volume 11 of Issue 5. Nature structural & molecular biology 2004. PMID: 15098018


  87. Kunstman KJ, Puffer B, Korber BT, Kuiken C, Smith UR, Kunstman J, Stanton J, Agy M, Shibata R, Yoder AD, Pillai S, Doms RW, Marx P, Wolinsky SM. Structure and function of CC-chemokine receptor 5 homologues derived from representative primate species and subspecies of the taxonomic suborders Prosimii and Anthropoidea. Volume 77 of Issue 22. Journal of virology 2003. PMID: 14581567


  88. Ali A, Pillai S, Ng H, Lubong R, Richman DD, Jamieson BD, Ding Y, McElrath MJ, Guatelli JC, Yang OO. Broadly increased sensitivity to cytotoxic T lymphocytes resulting from Nef epitope escape mutations. Volume 171 of Issue 8. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2003. PMID: 14530319


  89. . Sequence Note: A New Perspective on V3 Phenotype Prediction. 2003. PMID:


  90. Pillai S, Good B, Richman D, Corbeil J. A new perspective on V3 phenotype prediction. Volume 19 of Issue 2. AIDS research and human retroviruses 2003. PMID: 12643277


  91. Kalish ML, Korber BT, Pillai S, Robbins KE, Leo YS, Saekhou A, Verghese I, Gerrish P, Goh CL, Lupo D, Tan BH, Brown TM, Chan R. The sequential introduction of HIV-1 subtype B and CRF01AE in Singapore by sexual transmission: accelerated V3 region evolution in a subpopulation of Asian CRF01 viruses. Volume 304 of Issue 2. Virology 2002. PMID: 12504572


  92. Joseph L. Spencer, Satish Pillai, Elizabeth A. Bernays. Synergism in the Oviposition Behavior of Plutella xylostella: Sinigrin and Wax Compounds. Journal of Insect Behavior 1999. PMID:


  93. Sanford D. Eigenbrode, Satish K. Pillai. Neonate Plutella xylostella Responses to Surface Wax Components of a Resistant Cabbage (Brassica oleracea). Journal of Chemical Ecology 1998. PMID: