Sanket Dhruva, MD, MHS

Assoc Prof Clinical Medicine

Publications

  1. Mooghali M, Arshad F, Rathi VK, Kadakia KT, Everhart AO, Ross JS, Dhruva SS. Premarket Clinical Evidence Strength and Recalls of High-Risk Therapeutic Medical Devices. JAMA health forum 2026. PMID: 42566203


  2. Dhruva SS, Young RT, Minges KE, Caughron H, Wojdyla DM, Curtis JP, Swaminathan RV. National Changes in Practice Patterns for Noninfarct-Related Artery Revascularization in Patients With STEMI and Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease, 2018 to 2022. Circulation. Cardiovascular interventions 2026. PMID: 42549500


  3. Alyafaie A, Dhruva SS, Tingley S, Redberg RF. Assessment of Patient-Centered Content on Left Ventricular Assist Devices on US Hospital Webpages. Circulation. Population health and outcomes 2026. PMID: 42422936


  4. Philips AP, Dhruva SS, Whaley C. Commercial Price Variation for Common Cardiovascular Services Across 4 Major US Insurers. JAMA network open 2026. PMID: 42461633


  5. Zeitouni JF, Hu X, Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Rathi VK. Reforming Medicare payment for skin substitutes-ripping off the bandage. Health Affairs Scholar 2026. PMID: 42440715


  6. Arun AS, Yan B, Lu Y, Dhruva SS, Yancy CW, Krumholz HM. Excess Cardiovascular Mortality Among Black Americans, 2000-2024: A JACC Progress Report. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2026. PMID: 42319310


  7. Dhruva SS, Murillo J, Ameli O, Conte MS, Redberg RF, Cohen K. Association of Elective Peripheral Vascular Intervention with Outcomes Among Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease and Intermittent Claudication. Journal of vascular surgery 2026. PMID: 42285183


  8. Curtis LH, Dhruva SS. What Observational Research Contributes and What It Requires: The Devil Is in the Design. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2026. PMID: 42233550


  9. Kadakia KT, Dhruva SS. An Unfinished ANTHEM: Ethics, Evidence, and Early Trial Termination. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2026. PMID: 42159540


  10. Korjian S, Gibson CM, Seltzer J, Mahaffey KW, Stockbridge N, Lawler PR, Pundi K, Bergmark BA, Petrie MC, deFilippi CR, Nicholls SJ, Lincoff AM, Lam CSP, Sase K, Bhavnani SP, Bonaca MP, Dhruva SS, Mehran R, Lopes RD, Kato E, Marston NA, Cardiovascular Sciences Research Consortium (CSRC). Cardiovascular Regulatory Science: Accelerating the Path from Bench to Bedside. American heart journal 2026. PMID: 42144093


  11. Incze MA, Tingley SR, Neuhaus J, Bachhuber M, Dumas SA, Dhruva SS, Redberg RF. Coverage Limitations for Use of Urine Drug Testing in a State Medicaid Program. JAMA network open 2026. PMID: 42101837


  12. Kadakia KT, Swoboda CM, Moneer O, Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Krumholz HM, Burke JF, Rathi VK. Therapeutic Benefit Ratings for FDA Breakthrough-Designated Devices. JAMA surgery 2026. PMID: 41739483


  13. Dhruva SS. Role of High-Dose Influenza Vaccine in Reducing Cardiovascular Risk. Circulation 2026. PMID: 41838792


  14. Arun AS, Shah RM, Lu Y, Dhruva SS, Krumholz HM. A Standardized Statistical Framework for Population Surveillance Using the National Health Interview Survey. JACC. Advances 2026. PMID: 41805279


  15. Yang H, Dhruva SS, Wadhera RK, Arun AS, Shah RM, Krumholz HM, Lu Y. Dietary Quality by Sex, Age, and Race/Ethnicity: A JACC Data Report on Trends in the United States, 1999-2020. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2026. PMID: 41811012


  16. Arun AS, Shah RM, Lu Y, Dhruva SS, Wadhera RK, Krumholz HM. Exercise by Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Status: A JACC Data Report on Trends in the United States, 2020-2024. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2026. PMID: 41811009


  17. Arun AS, Shah RM, Lu Y, Dhruva SS, Wadhera RK, Krumholz HM. Health Care Access by Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Status: A JACC Data Report on Trends in the United States, 2019-2024. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2026. PMID: 41811007


  18. Shah RM, Arun AS, Lu Y, Dhruva SS, Wadhera RK, Krumholz HM. Health Care Affordability by Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Status: A JACC Data Report on Trends in the United States, 2019-2024. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2026. PMID: 41811008


  19. Arun AS, Shah RM, Lu Y, Dhruva SS, Krumholz HM. Health Care Utilization by Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Status: A JACC Data Report on Trends in the United States, 2019-2024. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2026. PMID: 41811011


  20. Dash S, Zheng Z, Qian Y, Dhruva SS, Lu Y, Curtis LH, Wadhera RK. Out-of-Pocket Costs and Financial Burden Among Working-Age Adults With Cardiovascular Conditions: A JACC Data Report on Trends in the United States, 2007-2022. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2026. PMID: 41811005


  21. Arun AS, Shah RM, Lu Y, Dhruva SS, Krumholz HM. Sleep Duration by Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Status: A JACC Data Report on Trends in the United States, 2020-2024. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2026. PMID: 41811010


  22. Hurley NC, Mortazavi BJ, Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Ngufor CG, Curtis JP, Krumholz HM, Desai NR. Modeling In-Hospital Mortality Among Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock Receiving Mechanical Circulatory Support. Medical devices (Auckland, N.Z.) 2026. PMID: 41804390


  23. Krumholz HM, Dhruva SS. When the System Works-and Why it so Often Does Not: Building a Learning Infrastructure for High-Risk Medical Devices. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2026. PMID: 41790096


  24. Rager JB, Huang CY, Zimmerman S, Dhruva SS, Freeman JV, Matlock DD, Minges K, Sandhu A, Spatz ES, Varosy P, Caverly TJ. Shared Decision-Making and Patient Decision Aids for Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion. JAMA network open 2026. PMID: 41686441


  25. Dhruva SS, Dusetzina SB, Phillips KA, Lynch HF. The Food and Drug Administration's role in supporting therapeutic development to address unmet needs: the National Academies report and beyond. Health Affairs Scholar 2026. PMID: 41625782


  26. Dhruva SS, Curtis LH, Califf RM. Artificial Intelligence to Propel Evidence Generation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2025. PMID: 41532930


  27. Wadhera RK, Dhruva SS, Bikdeli B, Bonaca MP, Kittleson MM, Ko DT, Lu Y, Pagidipati NJ, Sawano M, Spatz ES, Vaduganathan M, Wasfy JH, Yong CM, Yang H, Zheng Z, Krumholz HM, Curtis LH. Cardiovascular Statistics in the United States, 2026: JACC Stats. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2026. PMID: 41524687


  28. Kadakia KT, Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Rathi VK. Automatic Medicare Coverage for New Medical Technologies - Here We Go Again. The New England journal of medicine 2026. PMID: 41534100


  29. Zhang N, Huang TY, Dhruva S, Cheng S, Ebinger JE. Correlates of Nocturnal Hypertension in a Real-World Cohort. American journal of hypertension 2025. PMID: 40696886


  30. Hurley NC, Mortazavi BJ, Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Ngufor CG, Curtis JP, Krumholz HM, Desai NR. Modeling In-Hospital Mortality Among Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock Receiving Mechanical Circulatory Support. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences 2025. PMID: 41358283


  31. Dhruva SS, Kadakia KT, Shivkumar K. Postmarket Data-Real World Safety Evaluation of Pulsed Field Ablation-and Beyond. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2025. PMID: 41225724


  32. Moneer O, Kadakia KT, Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Roth LM, Burke JF, Rathi VK. Hospital Acquisition Costs for Breakthrough-Designated Devices Awarded Supplemental Medicare Reimbursement. JAMA health forum 2025. PMID: 41296375


  33. Rathi VK, Dhruva SS, Ross JS. Expanding Prior Authorization in Traditional Medicare-The WISeR Model. JAMA 2025. PMID: 40875572


  34. Gaffey AE, Chang TE, Dhruva SS, Burg MM, Haskell SG, Bastian LA, Spatz ES, Levine A, Skanderson M, Brandt CA. Blood Pressure Control and Maintenance in U.S. Veterans: Roles of Sex, Race, Ethnicity, and Deprivation. JACC. Advances 2025. PMID: 41138531


  35. Kratka A, Gordon C, Guduguntla V, Redberg RF, Dhruva SS. Insurer Coverage of Invasive Coronary Angiography and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Stable Coronary Artery Disease in the United States Compared With Guidelines and Landmark Trials. Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes 2025. PMID: 41127914


  36. Dhruva SS, Tingley SR, Incze M, Neuhaus JM, Bachhuber MA, Redberg RF. Evaluation of Payer Policies to Reduce Low-Value Medical Device-Based Procedure Use. JAMA health forum 2025. PMID: 41171260


  37. Sangha KK, Redberg RF, Kesselheim AS, Woloshin S, Dhruva SS. Health Professional Students' Knowledge About FDA Drug and Medical Device Regulation. Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 2025. PMID: 40854178


  38. Kadakia KT, Dhruva SS, Krumholz HM. The Role of Clinicians in Advancing Cardiovascular Device Safety. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2025. PMID: 40803782


  39. Vashisht R, Dhruva SS, Patel A, Dahm L, Morris P, Gonzalez D, Follett R, Sirota M, Singh K, Han C, Koliwad S, Butte AJ. Phenome-Wide Risk Evaluation of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Use in Type 2 Diabetes with Real-World Data Across Multiple Healthcare Systems. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences 2025. PMID: 40832397


  40. Derry LT, Whooley MA, Raitt MH, Rotering TL, Shen H, Tarasovsky G, Dhruva SS. Outcomes associated with remote monitoring without in-person evaluations for patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices. Heart rhythm O2 2025. PMID: 41357285


  41. Kadakia KT, Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Burke JF, Johnston JL, Ramachandran R, Krumholz HM, Rathi VK. FDA Authorization of Therapeutic Devices Under the Breakthrough Devices Program. JAMA internal medicine 2025. PMID: 40587167


  42. Zhang N, Sherwood K, Claggett B, Dhruva S, Sandhu A, Cheng S, Ebinger J. Sex differences and the role of anemia in contrast-associated acute kidney injury after percutaneous coronary intervention. The Journal of invasive cardiology 2025. PMID: 40048715


  43. Annapureddy AR, Murugiah K, Zheng L, Minges KE, Grandhi GR, Ross JS, Ahmad T, Rodwin BA, Dhruva SS, Girotra S, Dayoub EJ, Curtis JP, Desai NR. Relationship between industry payments to physicians and prescription patterns for PCSK9is, ARNis and DOACs: A report from the NCDR PINNACLE registry. American heart journal 2025. PMID: 40714034


  44. Yan BW, Arun AS, Curtis LH, Kadakia KT, Lin Z, Lu Y, Wadhera R, Krumholz HM, Dhruva SS. JACC Data Report: Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Trends in the United States (1999-2023). Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2025. PMID: 40562514


  45. Miller PE, Brusca SB, Ko DT, Dhruva SS. The Potential Role of Early Left Ventricular Unloading in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction-Related Cardiogenic Shock. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2025. PMID: 40562511


  46. Hurley NC, Desai N, Dhruva SS, Khera R, Schulz W, Huang C, Curtis J, Masoudi F, Rumsfeld J, Negahban S, Krumholz HM, Mortazavi BJ. Towards a dynamic model to estimate evolving risk of major bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention. PLOS digital health 2025. PMID: 40560847


  47. Murugiah K, McDonagh TA, Cohen DJ, Dhruva SS. Mechanical Circulatory Support in Acute Myocardial Infarction-Cardiogenic Shock: 2025 Acute Coronary Syndrome Guideline in Context. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2025. PMID: 40467139


  48. Yuan N, Hong GJ, Vrudhula A, Kwan AC, Duffy G, Botting P, Dhruva SS, Siegel RJ, Ouyang D. Understanding Transient Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Reduction During Atrial Fibrillation With Artificial Intelligence. Journal of the American Heart Association 2025. PMID: 40357662


  49. Caughron H, Dhruva SS, Raitt MH. Complications Associated With Safety Mode Initiation in Recalled Boston Scientific Pacemakers. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2025. PMID: 40202463


  50. Dhruva SS, Marunick K, Moore HJ, Rohrbach G, Rotering TL, Raitt MH. Veterans health administration national cardiac device surveillance program: Structured, centralized remote monitoring for cardiovascular implantable electronic devices to improve quality of care. Heart rhythm O2 2025. PMID: 40717850


  51. Kratka A, Rotering TL, Munson S, Raitt MH, Whooley MA, S Dhruva S. Patient and Clinician Perspectives on Alert-Based Remote Monitoring-First Care for Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices: Semistructured Interview Study Within the Veterans Health Administration. JMIR cardio 2025. PMID: 40184550


  52. Mooghali M, Dhruva SS, Hakimian HRL, Rathi VK, Kadakia KT, Ross JS. Nonconcurrent Control Use in FDA Approval of High-Risk Medical Devices. JAMA network open 2025. PMID: 40261654


  53. Janda GS, Moneer O, Mooghali M, Ramachandran R, Wallach JD, Dhruva SS, Ross JS. Research Derived From Medicare's Coverage With Evidence Development Program. JAMA network open 2025. PMID: 40232723


  54. Everhart AO, Karaca-Mandic P, Redberg RF, Ross JS, Dhruva SS. Late adverse event reporting from medical device manufacturers to the US Food and Drug Administration: cross sectional study. BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2025. PMID: 40081838


  55. Dhruva SS, Eichler HG, Galson SK. Supporting the Development of Drugs for Rare Diseases - The Importance of Regulatory Transparency. The New England journal of medicine 2025. PMID: 40029202


  56. Mooghali M, Moneer O, Janda G, Ross JS, Dhruva SS, Ramachandran R. Characterization of studies considered and required under Medicare's coverage with evidence development program. Clinical trials (London, England) 2025. PMID: 39921418


  57. Essa M, Ross JS, Dhruva SS, Desai NR, Spatz ES, Faridi KF. Ten-Year Medicare Use and Spending on the 10 Drugs Selected for Negotiation Under the Inflation Reduction Act. Journal of the American Heart Association 2025. PMID: 39846298


  58. Institute of Neuromodulation Device Disposition Committee, Veuthey TL, Duricka D, Englot DJ, Provenzano DA, Dickerson DM, Dhruva S, Loftus CM, Meizu-Nwaba N, McMullen DP, North RB, D'Haese P, Konrad PE, Poree L. Tracking and Failure Analysis of Explanted Neuromodulation Devices. Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society 2025. PMID: 39818642


  59. Tsuruo S, Schlacter J, Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Horwitz LI. Services and payments associated with the medicare new technology add-on payment program. Health Affairs Scholar 2025. PMID: 39822236


  60. Schlacter J, Yu H, Tsuruo S, Herrin J, Ross JS, Horwitz LI, Dhruva SS. Medicare Payment for Calcium Modification Technologies Among Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, 2021-2022. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences 2025. PMID: 39867365


  61. Mooghali M, Moneer O, Janda G, Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Ramachandran R. Assessing Medicare's Coverage With Evidence Development Program. Health affairs (Project Hope) 2025. PMID: 39761464


  62. Dhruva SS, Kesselheim AS, Woloshin S, Ji RZ, Lu Z, Darrow JJ, Redberg RF. Physician-Patient Communication about Novel Drugs and High-Risk Medical Devices. Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making 2024. PMID: 39707817


  63. Mooghali M, Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Ramachandran R. Representativeness of Studies Required Under Medicare's Coverage With Evidence Development Program. JAMA 2024. PMID: 39535767


  64. Moneer O, Mooghali M, Moosa K, Ramachandran R, Ross JS, Dhruva SS. Medicare Local Coverage Determinations: Evidence Quality Is Stronger For Covered Indications. Health affairs (Project Hope) 2024. PMID: 39626147


  65. Kadakia KT, Bikdeli B, Gupta A, Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Krumholz HM. Information Disclosure, Medical Device Regulation, and Device Safety: The Case of Cook Celect IVC Filters. Annals of internal medicine 2024. PMID: 39556835


  66. Caughron H, Dhruva SS. Quality of Life and Quality of Evidence for Subcutaneous Versus Transvenous Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators. Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes 2024. PMID: 39561231


  67. Moneer O, Johnston JL, Rathi VK, Ross JS, Dhruva SS. Medical Devices Applying for Outpatient Medicare Supplemental Payments. JAMA health forum 2024. PMID: 39546305


  68. Kadakia KT, Dhruva SS. Advances in Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Interventions-Implications for Health Policy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2024. PMID: 39486557


  69. Kratka A, Rohrbach G, Puckett C, Rotering TL, Raitt MH, Whooley MA, Dhruva SS. Implementation of a Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Heart Failure Prediction Tool-Guided Management Pathway: CIED-Guided Heart Failure Management. The American journal of cardiology 2024. PMID: 39395594


  70. Kadakia KT, Rathi VK, Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Krumholz HM. Modernizing Medical Device Regulation: Challenges and Opportunities for the 510(k) Clearance Process. Annals of internal medicine 2024. PMID: 39374526


  71. Yong CM, Dhruva SS. If We Measure, We Can Improve. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2024. PMID: 39293888


  72. Lu Y, Keeley EC, Barrette E, Cooper-DeHoff RM, Dhruva SS, Gaffney J, Gamble G, Handke B, Huang C, Krumholz HM, McDonough CW, Schulz W, Shaw K, Smith M, Woodard J, Young P, Ervin K, Ross JS. Use of electronic health records to characterize patients with uncontrolled hypertension in two large health system networks. BMC cardiovascular disorders 2024. PMID: 39289597


  73. See C, Mooghali M, Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Krumholz HM, Kadakia KT. Class I Recalls of Cardiovascular Devices Between 2013 and 2022 : A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Annals of internal medicine 2024. PMID: 39284187


  74. Dhruva SS, Han M, Jing Y, Trock BJ, Hogan SO, Redberg RF. Industry Payments to Cardiology Fellows and Early-Career Cardiologists. JAMA internal medicine 2024. PMID: 39008322


  75. Silverstein WK, Chang IY, Sreenivasan S, Dhruva SS. Decreasing unnecessary use of continuous cardiac monitoring (telemetry) in hospitalised patients. BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2024. PMID: 39074876


  76. Kumar A, Redberg RF, Dhruva SS, Ross JS. Prescription Digital Therapeutics: The Authors Reply. Health affairs (Project Hope) 2024. PMID: 38830149


  77. Lu A, Ji RZ, Magee MPD, Ross JS, Ramachandran R, Redberg RF, Dhruva SS. Funding of evidence included within public comments submitted to inform Medicare national coverage determinations. Health Affairs Scholar 2024. PMID: 38919964


  78. Dhruva SS, Murillo J, Ameli O, Chaisson CE, Redberg RF, Cohen K. Effectiveness, utilisation and cost associated with implantable loop recorders versus external monitors after ischaemic or cryptogenic stroke. Open heart 2024. PMID: 38719499


  79. Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Steinman MA, Gan S, Muluk S, Anderson TS. Intravascular Microaxial Left Ventricular Assist Device Manufacturer Payments to Cardiologists and Use of Devices. JAMA 2024. PMID: 38598231


  80. Essa M, Ross JS, Dhruva SS, Desai NR, Spatz ES, Faridi KF. Utilization of Fixed-Dose Combination Treatment for Hypertension in Medicare and Medicaid From 2016 to 2020. Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes 2024. PMID: 38712553


  81. Young GM, Bansal K, Riello RJ, Clark KAA, Dhruva SS, Faridi KF, Desai NR. Medicare Coverage and Patient Out-of-Pocket Costs for Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Medications. JAMA network open 2024. PMID: 38771578


  82. Swanson MJ, Uyeki CL, Yoder SR, Dhruva SS, Miller JE, Ross JS. Reporting of Demographics & Subgroup Analyses in Premarketing Studies of FDA Approved High-Risk Cardiovascular Devices, 2014-2022. Medical devices (Auckland, N.Z.) 2024. PMID: 38707869


  83. Gaffey AE, Chang TE, Brandt CA, Haskell SG, Dhruva SS, Bastian LA, Levine A, Skanderson M, Burg MM. Blood Pressure Control and Maintenance in a Prospective Cohort of Younger Veterans: Roles of Sex, Race, Ethnicity, and Social Determinants of Health. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences 2024. PMID: 38712220


  84. Robinson JC, Whaley C, Dhruva SS. Hospital Prices for Physician-Administered Drugs. Reply. The New England journal of medicine 2024. PMID: 38598815


  85. Robinson JC, Whaley CM, Dhruva SS. Prices and complications in hospital-based and freestanding surgery centers. The American journal of managed care 2024. PMID: 38603532


  86. Kratka A, Rotering TL, Raitt MH, Whooley MA, Dhruva SS. Informational letters or postcards to initiate remote monitoring among veterans with pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: A randomized, controlled trial. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2024. PMID: 38556540


  87. Neiman ZM, Raitt MH, Rohrbach G, Dhruva SS. Monitoring of Remotely Reprogrammable Implantable Loop Recorders With Algorithms to Reduce False-Positive Alerts. Journal of the American Heart Association 2024. PMID: 38390808


  88. Lu Y, Keeley EC, Barrette E, Cooper-DeHoff RM, Dhruva SS, Gaffney J, Gamble G, Handke B, Huang C, Krumholz H, Rowe C, Schulz W, Shaw K, Smith M, Woodard J, Young P, Ervin K, Ross J. Use of Electronic Health Records to Characterize Patients with Uncontrolled Hypertension in Two Large Health System Networks. Research square 2024. PMID: 38410433


  89. Robinson JC, Whaley C, Dhruva SS. Hospital Prices for Physician-Administered Drugs for Patients with Private Insurance. The New England journal of medicine 2024. PMID: 38265645


  90. McLaughlin MM, Raitt MH, Tarasovsky G, Whooley MA, Dhruva SS. Informational Postcards Increase Engagement with Remote Monitoring Among Veterans with Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators: a Stepped-Wedge Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of general internal medicine 2024. PMID: 38252247


  91. Dhruva SS, Kesselheim AS, Woloshin S, Ji RZ, Lu Z, Darrow JJ, Redberg RF. Physicians' Perspectives On FDA Regulation Of Drugs And Medical Devices: A National Survey. Health affairs (Project Hope) 2024. PMID: 38190596


  92. Moneer O, Rathi VK, Johnston JL, Ross JS, Dhruva SS. Aligning US Agency Policies for Cardiovascular Devices Through the Breakthrough Devices Program. JAMA cardiology 2023. PMID: 37878306


  93. Yuan N, Duffy G, Dhruva SS, Oesterle A, Pellegrini CN, Theurer J, Vali M, Heidenreich PA, Keyhani S, Ouyang D. Deep Learning of Electrocardiograms in Sinus Rhythm From US Veterans to Predict Atrial Fibrillation. JAMA cardiology 2023. PMID: 37851434


  94. Dhruva SS, Raitt MH, Munson S, Moore HJ, Steele P, Rosman L, Whooley MA. Barriers and Facilitators Associated With Remote Monitoring Adherence Among Veterans With Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators: Qualitative Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR cardio 2023. PMID: 37988153


  95. Banashefski B, Ji R, Dhruva SS, Neuhaus J, Redberg RF. Cardiac coronary tomography angiography (CCTA) use across geographical regions in the USA and the UK: a cross-sectional study. BMJ surgery, interventions, & health technologies 2023. PMID: 38020493


  96. Rotering TL, Hysong SJ, Williams KE, Raitt MH, Whooley MA, Dhruva SS. Strategies to enhance remote monitoring adherence among patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices. Heart rhythm O2 2023. PMID: 38204458


  97. Kumar A, Ross JS, Patel NA, Rathi V, Redberg RF, Dhruva SS. Studies Of Prescription Digital Therapeutics Often Lack Rigor And Inclusivity. Health affairs (Project Hope) 2023. PMID: 37931187


  98. Oesterle A, Pellegrini CN, Dhruva SS, Kizer JR, Raitt MH, Liem LB. Systematic Reprogramming of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators to Match the 2019 Consensus Recommendations. Heart rhythm 2023. PMID: 37805017


  99. Dhruva SS, Smith-Bindman R, Redberg RF. The Need for Randomized Clinical Trials Demonstrating Reduction in All-Cause Mortality With Blood Tests for Cancer Screening. JAMA internal medicine 2023. PMID: 37639263


  100. Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Wilson NA. Unique Device Identifiers for Medical Devices at 10 Years. JAMA internal medicine 2023. PMID: 37603351


  101. Mooghali M, Rathi VK, Kadakia KT, Ross JS, Dhruva SS. Medical device risk (re)classification: lessons from the FDA's 515 Program Initiative. BMJ surgery, interventions, & health technologies 2023. PMID: 38033980


  102. Lu A, Ji RZ, Ge AY, Ross JS, Ramachandran R, Redberg RF, Dhruva SS. Financial Conflicts of Interest in Public Comments on Medicare National Coverage Determinations of Medical Devices. JAMA 2023. PMID: 37589985


  103. Varadharajulu SD, Ji RZ, Dhruva SS, Neuhaus J, Redberg RF. A Critical Examination of Independent Medical Review Decision-making for Cardiovascular Procedures Shows Low Rate of Evidence Citation in Reviews. Medical care 2023. PMID: 37708360


  104. Hurley NC, Dhruva SS, Desai NR, Ross JR, Ngufor CG, Masoudi F, Krumholz HM, Mortazavi BJ. Clinical Phenotyping with an Outcomes-driven Mixture of Experts for Patient Matching and Risk Estimation. ACM transactions on computing for healthcare 2023. PMID: 37908872


  105. Oesterle A, Liem LB, Dhruva SS, Friday G, Raitt MH, Pellegrini CN. Reply: The Challenge of Minimizing Unnecessary ICD Shocks While Also Preventing Syncope. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2023. PMID: 37758373


  106. Gupta K, Gupta R, Xiao R, Rathi VK, Miller PE, Ross JS, Dhruva SS. Payer-Negotiated Prices for Cardiac Electrophysiology Procedures at 2022-2023 Top 100 US News & World Report for Cardiology and Heart Surgery Hospitals. Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology 2023. PMID: 37622312


  107. Wallach JD, Deng Y, Polley EC, Dhruva SS, Herrin J, Quinto K, Gandotra C, Crown W, Noseworthy P, Yao X, Jeffery MM, Lyon TD, Ross JS, McCoy RG. Assessing the use of observational methods and real-world data to emulate ongoing randomized controlled trials. Clinical trials (London, England) 2023. PMID: 37589143


  108. Lu Y, Keeley EC, Barrette E, Cooper-DeHoff RM, Dhruva SS, Gaffney J, Gamble G, Handke B, Huang C, Krumholz HM, McDonough Rowe CW, Schulz W, Shaw K, Smith M, Woodard J, Young P, Ervin K, Ross JS. Use of Electronic Health Records to Characterize Patients with Uncontrolled Hypertension in Two Large Health System Networks. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences 2023. PMID: 37546792


  109. Mooghali M, Ross JS, Kadakia KT, Dhruva SS. Availability of Unique Device Identifiers for Class I Medical Device Recalls From 2018 to 2022. JAMA internal medicine 2023. PMID: 37184854


  110. Dhruva SS, Kesselheim AS, Woloshin S, Ji RZ, Lu Z, Darrow JJ, Redberg RF. Physician Perspectives on the Food and Drug Administration's Decision to Grant Accelerated Approval to Aducanumab for Alzheimer's Disease. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 2023. PMID: 37218658


  111. Mooghali M, Ross JS, Kadakia KT, Dhruva SS. Characterization of US Food and Drug Administration Class I Recalls from 2018 to 2022 for Moderate- and High-Risk Medical Devices: A Cross-Sectional Study. Medical devices (Auckland, N.Z.) 2023. PMID: 37229515


  112. Kadakia KT, Rathi VK, Ramachandran R, Johnston JL, Ross JS, Dhruva SS. Challenges and solutions to advancing health equity with medical devices. Nature biotechnology 2023. PMID: 37037905


  113. Demkowicz PC, Dhruva SS, Spatz ES, Beatty AL, Ross JS, Khera R. Physician Responses to Apple Watch-Detected Irregular Rhythm Alerts. American heart journal 2023. PMID: 37084933


  114. Essa M, Ross JS, Dhruva SS, Desai NR, Yeh RW, Faridi KF. Trends in Spending and Claims for P2Y12 Inhibitors by Medicare and Medicaid From 2015 to 2020. Journal of the American Heart Association 2023. PMID: 37042289


  115. Caughron H, Dhruva SS. Medical Device Modifications Through Premarket Approval Supplements-Ensuring Patient Safety. JAMA network open 2023. PMID: 37043206


  116. Ngufor C, Yao X, Inselman JW, Ross JS, Dhruva SS, Graham DJ, Lee JY, Siontis KC, Desai NR, Polley E, Shah ND, Noseworthy PA. Identifying treatment heterogeneity in atrial fibrillation using a novel causal machine learning method. American heart journal 2023. PMID: 36893934


  117. Warren RE, Dhruva SS, Kinard M, Neuhaus JM, Redberg RF. Trends in FDA Adverse Events Reporting for Inferior Vena Cava Filters and Estimated Insertions in the US, 2016 to 2020. JAMA internal medicine 2023. PMID: 36689213


  118. Rathi VK, Johnston JL, Dhruva S, Ross J. Market competition among manufacturers of novel high-risk therapeutic devices receiving FDA premarket approval between 2001 and 2018. BMJ surgery, interventions, & health technologies 2023. PMID: 36793371


  119. Dhruva SS, Zhang S, Chen J, Noseworthy PA, Doshi AA, Agboola KM, Herrin J, Jiang G, Yu Y, Cafri G, Farr KC, Mbwana MS, Ross JS, Coplan PM, Drozda JP. Using real-world data from health systems to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a catheter to treat ischemic ventricular tachycardia. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2023. PMID: 36738387


  120. Oesterle A, Dhruva SS, Pellegrini CN, Liem B, Raitt MH. Ventricular arrhythmia detection for contemporary Biotronik and Abbott implantable cardioverter defibrillators with markedly prolonged detection in Biotronik devices. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2023. PMID: 36737506


  121. Dhruva SS, Ridgeway JL, Ross JS, Drozda JP, Wilson NA. Exploring unique device identifier implementation and use for real-world evidence: a mixed-methods study with NESTcc health system network collaborators. BMJ surgery, interventions, & health technologies 2023. PMID: 36704544


  122. Oesterle A, Liem LB, Dhruva SS, Friday G, Raitt MH, Pellegrini CN. Traumatic Syncope Caused by Prolonged Ventricular Arrhythmias With a Defibrillator Programmed to 2019 Consensus Recommendations. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2023. PMID: 36702697


  123. Kadakia KT, Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Krumholz HM. Adding device identifiers to claims forms-a key step to advance medical device safety. BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2023. PMID: 36631149


  124. Yu Y, Jiang G, Brandt E, Forsyth T, Dhruva SS, Zhang S, Chen J, Noseworthy PA, Doshi AA, Collison-Farr K, Kim D, Ross JS, Coplan PM, Drozda JP. Integrating real-world data to assess cardiac ablation device outcomes in a multicenter study using the OMOP common data model for regulatory decisions: implementation and evaluation. JAMIA Open 2023. PMID: 36632328


  125. Kadakia KT, Dhruva SS, Caraballo C, Ross JS, Krumholz HM. Use of Recalled Devices in New Device Authorizations Under the US Food and Drug Administration's 510(k) Pathway and Risk of Subsequent Recalls. JAMA 2023. PMID: 36625810


  126. Dhruva SS, Murillo J, Ameli O, Morin PE, Spencer DL, Redberg RF, Cohen K. Long-term Outcomes in Use of Opioids, Nonpharmacologic Pain Interventions, and Total Costs of Spinal Cord Stimulators Compared With Conventional Medical Therapy for Chronic Pain. JAMA neurology 2023. PMID: 36441532


  127. Caughron H, Bowman H, Raitt MH, Whooley MA, Tarasovsky G, Shen H, Matheny ME, Selzman KA, Wang L, Puigbo J, Odobasic H, Dhruva SS. Cardiovascular implantable electronic device lead safety: Harnessing real-world remote monitoring data for medical device evaluation. Heart rhythm 2022. PMID: 36586706


  128. Dhruva SS, Bachhuber MA, Shetty A, Guidry H, Guduguntla V, Redberg RF. A Policy Approach to Reducing Low-Value Device-Based Procedure Use. The Milbank quarterly 2022. PMID: 36573334


  129. Mori M, Dhruva SS, Geirsson A, Krumholz HM. Characterization of multi-domain postoperative recovery trajectories after cardiac surgery using a digital platform. NPJ digital medicine 2022. PMID: 36564550


  130. Sedrakyan A, Marinac-Dabic D, Campbell B, Aryal S, Baird CE, Goodney P, Cronenwett JL, Beck AW, Paxton EW, Hu J, Brindis R, Baskin K, Cowley T, Levy J, Liebeskind DS, Poulose BK, Rardin CR, Resnic FS, Tcheng J, Fisher B, Viviano C, Devlin V, Sheldon M, Eldrup-Jorgensen J, Berlin JA, Drozda J, Matheny ME, Dhruva SS, Feeney T, Mitchell K, Pappas G. Advancing the Real-World Evidence for Medical Devices through Coordinated Registry Networks. BMJ surgery, interventions, & health technologies 2022. PMID: 36393894


  131. Dhruva SS, Ramachandran R, Ross JS. Medicare's National Coverage Determination for Aducanumab - A One-Off or a Pragmatic Path Forward? The New England journal of medicine 2022. PMID: 36301560


  132. Lin AL, Hu G, Dhruva SS, Kinard M, Redberg RF. Quantification of Device-Related Event Reports Associated With the CardioMEMS Heart Failure System. Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes 2022. PMID: 36252112


  133. Dhruva SS, Ji RZ, Ross JS, Spatz ES, Redberg RF. Analysis of Patient-Focused Information About Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion on US Hospital Web Pages. JAMA internal medicine 2022. PMID: 36190724


  134. Deng Y, Polley EC, Wallach JD, Dhruva SS, Herrin J, Quinto K, Gandotra C, Crown W, Noseworthy P, Yao X, Lyon TD, Shah ND, Ross JS, McCoy RG. Emulating the GRADE trial using real world data: retrospective comparative effectiveness study. BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2022. PMID: 36191949


  135. Dhruva SS, Dziura J, Bathulapalli H, Rosman L, Gaffey AE, Davis MB, Brandt CA, Haskell SG. Gender Differences in Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease Among Young Veterans. Journal of general internal medicine 2022. PMID: 36042086


  136. Dhruva SS, Zhang S, Chen J, Noseworthy PA, Doshi AA, Agboola KM, Herrin J, Jiang G, Yu Y, Cafri G, Collison Farr K, Ervin KR, Ross JS, Coplan PM, Drozda JP. Safety and Effectiveness of a Catheter With Contact Force and 6-Hole Irrigation for Ablation of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation in Routine Clinical Practice. JAMA network open 2022. PMID: 35976649


  137. Bjarnason TA, Mentias A, Panaich S, Vaughan Sarrazin M, Gao Y, Desai M, Pandey A, Dhruva SS, Desai NR, Girotra S. Diffusion of Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Devices in US Markets. Circulation. Cardiovascular interventions 2022. PMID: 35904015


  138. Judson GL, Cohen BE, Muniyappa A, Raitt MH, Shen H, Tarasovsky G, Whooley MA, Dhruva SS. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement among patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35 % at least 40 days after acute myocardial infarction. American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice 2022. PMID: 37886349


  139. Faridi KF, Dayoub EJ, Ross JS, Dhruva SS, Ahmad T, Desai NR. Medicare Coverage and Out-of-Pocket Costs of Quadruple Drug Therapy for Heart Failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2022. PMID: 35738713


  140. Rathi VK, Ross JS, Redberg RF, Dhruva SS. Medical Device User Fee Reauthorization - Back to Basics or Looking Ahead? The New England journal of medicine 2022. PMID: 35675195


  141. Hidano D, Dhruva SS, Redberg RF. US Food and Drug Administration-Mandated Postmarketing Studies for High-risk Cardiovascular Devices Approved 2015-2019. 2022. PMID: 35286367


  142. Muniyappa AN, Raitt MH, Judson GL, Shen H, Tarasovsky G, Whooley MA, Dhruva SS. Factors Associated with Remote Monitoring Adherence for Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices. 2022. PMID: 35500792


  143. Dhruva SS, Redberg RF. Letter by Dhruva and Redberg Regarding Article, "Amplatzer Amulet Left Atrial Appendage Occluder Versus Watchman Device for Stroke Prophylaxis (Amulet IDE): A Randomized, Controlled Trial". 2022. PMID: 35467950


  144. Dhruva SS, Darrow JJ, Kesselheim AS, Redberg RF. Strategies to Manage Drugs and Devices Approved Based on Limited Evidence: Results of a Modified Delphi Panel. 2022. PMID: 35292958


  145. Dhruva SS, Zeitler EP, Caños D, Odobasic H, Major JM, Wang L, Mullane S, Nabutovsky Y, Smith V, Zhang L, Selzman KA. Evaluation of cardiovascular implantable electronic device leads post implant: ElectroPhysiology Predictable And SuStainable Implementation Of National Registries (EP PASSION). 2022. PMID: 35334060


  146. Dhruva SS, Darrow JJ, Kesselheim AS, Redberg RF. Experts' Views on FDA Regulatory Standards for Drug and High-Risk Medical Devices: Implications for Patient Care. 2022. PMID: 35138547


  147. Money NM, Schroeder AR, Quinonez RA, Ho T, Marin JR, Wolf ER, Morgan DJ, Dhruva SS, Coon ER. 2021 Update on Pediatric Overuse. 2022. PMID: 35059726


  148. Zhou T, Liu P, Dhruva SS, Shah ND, Ramachandran R, Berg KM, Ross JS. Assessment of Hypothetical Out-of-Pocket Costs of Guideline-Recommended Medications for the Treatment of Older Adults With Multiple Chronic Conditions, 2009 and 2019. 2022. PMID: 34982097


  149. Liebeskind AY, Chen AC, Dhruva SS, Sedrakyan A. A 510(k) ancestry of robotic surgical systems. 2022. PMID: 35032697


  150. Dhruva SS, Shah ND, Vemulapalli S, Deshmukh A, Beatty AL, Gamble GM, Freeman JV, Hummel JP, Piccini JP, Akar JG, Ervin K, Arges KL, Emanuel L, Noseworthy PA, Hu T, Bartlett V, Ross JS. Heart Watch Study: protocol for a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. 2021. PMID: 35234659


  151. Dhruva SS, Jiang G, Doshi AA, Friedman DJ, Brandt E, Chen J, Akar JG, Ross JS, Ervin KR, Collison Farr K, Shah ND, Coplan P, Noseworthy PA, Zhang S, Forsyth T, Schulz WL, Yu Y, Drozda JP. Feasibility of using real-world data in the evaluation of cardiac ablation catheters: a test-case of the National Evaluation System for Health Technology Coordinating Center. 2021. PMID: 35047806


  152. Dhruva SS, Redberg RF. Coverage of Transvenous Pulmonary Embolectomy - Medicare's Missed Opportunity for Evidence Generation. 2021. PMID: 34788505


  153. Sturts A, Ruzieh M, Dhruva SS, Peterson B, Mandrola JM, Liu G, Redberg RF, Foy AJ. Resource Utilization Following Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography and Stress Echocardiography in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department With Chest Pain. 2021. PMID: 34785035


  154. Huang X, Dhruva SS, Yuan X, Bai X, Lu Y, Yan X, Liu J, Li W, Hu D, Ji R, Gao M, Miao F, Li J, Ge J, Krumholz HM, Li J. Characteristics, interventions and outcomes of patients with valvular heart disease hospitalised in China: a cross-sectional study. 2021. PMID: 34732492


  155. Wallach JD, Zhang AD, Skydel JJ, Bartlett VL, Dhruva SS, Shah ND, Ross JS. Feasibility of Using Real-world Data to Emulate Postapproval Confirmatory Clinical Trials of Therapeutic Agents Granted US Food and Drug Administration Accelerated Approval. 2021. PMID: 34751763


  156. Bartlett VL, Dhruva SS, Shah ND, Ross JS. Clinical studies sponsored by digital health companies participating in the FDA's Precertification Pilot Program: A cross-sectional analysis. 2021. PMID: 34632824


  157. Johnston JL, Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Rathi VK. Assessment of FDA Approval for New High-risk Therapeutic Devices Not Meeting Pivotal Study Primary End Points, 2016-2020. JAMA internal medicine 2021. PMID: 34152383


  158. Wallach JD, Deng Y, McCoy RG, Dhruva SS, Herrin J, Berkowitz A, Polley EC, Quinto K, Gandotra C, Crown W, Noseworthy P, Yao X, Shah ND, Ross JS, Lyon TD. Real-world Cardiovascular Outcomes Associated With Degarelix vs Leuprolide for Prostate Cancer Treatment. 2021. PMID: 34677594


  159. Oesterle A, Dhruva SS. Reply to the Editor-Denominator neglect in meta-analysis: electrical abnormalities in St. Jude/Abbott pacing leads. 2021. PMID: 34563689


  160. Jiang G, Dhruva SS, Chen J, Schulz WL, Doshi AA, Noseworthy PA, Zhang S, Yu Y, Patrick Young H, Brandt E, Ervin KR, Shah ND, Ross JS, Coplan P, Drozda JP. Feasibility of capturing real-world data from health information technology systems at multiple centers to assess cardiac ablation device outcomes: A fit-for-purpose informatics analysis report. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA 2021. PMID: 34313748


  161. Lalani C, Kunwar EM, Kinard M, Dhruva SS, Redberg RF. Reporting of Death in US Food and Drug Administration Medical Device Adverse Event Reports in Categories Other Than Death. JAMA internal medicine 2021. PMID: 34309624


  162. Khatiwala RV, Mullins E, Fan D, Srivatsa UN, Dhruva SS, Oesterle A. Electrical abnormalities with St. Jude/Abbott pacing leads: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart rhythm 2021. PMID: 34461304


  163. Mori M, Brooks C, Dhruva SS, Lu Y, Spatz ES, Dey P, Zhang Y, Chaudhry SI, Geirsson A, Allore HG, Krumholz HM. Trajectories of Pain After Cardiac Surgery: Implications for Measurement, Reporting, and Individualized Treatment. Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes 2021. PMID: 34304586


  164. Bartlett VL, Ross JS, Shah ND, Ciaccio L, Akar JG, Noseworthy PA, Dhruva SS. Physical activity, patient-reported symptoms, and clinical events: Insights into postprocedural recovery from personal digital devices. 2021. PMID: 35265911


  165. Skydel JJ, Zhang AD, Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Wallach JD. US Food and Drug Administration utilization of postmarketing requirements and postmarketing commitments, 2009-2018. Clinical trials (London, England) 2021. PMID: 33863236


  166. Darrow JJ, Dhruva SS, Redberg RF. Changing FDA Approval Standards: Ethical Implications for Patient Consent. Journal of general internal medicine 2021. PMID: 33834346


  167. Rathi VK, Johnston JL, Ross JS, Dhruva SS. Medicare's New Device-Coverage Pathway - Breakthrough or Breakdown? The New England journal of medicine 2021. PMID: 33691059


  168. Holtzman JN, Dhruva SS. Media Portrayals of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: The Unforeseen Harm of Unfounded Optimism. JAMA internal medicine 2021. PMID: 33393995


  169. Dhruva SS. GLASS(Y) Half-Full: Moving Towards Greater Pragmatism in Outcome Ascertainment for Clinical Trials. Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes 2021. PMID: 33535775


  170. Elliott MH, Skydel JJ, Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Wallach JD. Characteristics and Reporting of Number Needed to Treat, Number Needed to Harm, and Absolute Risk Reduction in Controlled Clinical Trials, 2001-2019. JAMA internal medicine 2021. PMID: 33226398


  171. Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Mortazavi BJ, Hurley NC, Krumholz HM, Curtis JP, Berkowitz AP, Masoudi FA, Messenger JC, Parzynski CS, Ngufor CG, Girotra S, Amin AP, Shah ND, Desai NR. Use of Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices Among Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock. JAMA network open 2021. PMID: 33616664


  172. Liu P, Dhruva SS, Shah ND, Ross JS. Trends in Within-Class Changes in US Average Wholesale Prices for Brand-Name Medications for Common Conditions From 2015 to 2020. JAMA network open 2021. PMID: 33481031


  173. Akar JG, Hummel JP, Yao X, Sangaralingham L, Dhruva S, Dong J, Ward R, Shah ND, Ross J, Noseworthy PA. Catheter-related complications and mortality of atrial fibrillation ablation following introduction of contact force-sensing technology. 2020. PMID: 35047796


  174. Johnston JL, Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Rathi VK. Clinical Evidence Supporting US Food and Drug Administration Clearance of Novel Therapeutic Devices via the De Novo Pathway Between 2011 and 2019. JAMA internal medicine 2020. PMID: 33044513


  175. Dhruva SS, Shah ND, Ross JS. Mandatory Registration and Results Reporting of Real-World Evidence Studies of FDA-Regulated Medical Products. Mayo Clinic proceedings 2020. PMID: 33289654


  176. Mori M, Brooks C, Spatz E, Mortazavi BJ, Dhruva SS, Linderman GC, Grab LA, Zhang Y, Geirsson A, Chaudhry SI, Krumholz HM. Protocol for project recovery after cardiac surgery: a single-center cohort study leveraging digital platform to characterise longitudinal patient-reported postoperative recovery patterns. BMJ open 2020. PMID: 32873671


  177. Johnston JL, Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Rathi VK. Early experience with the FDA's Breakthrough Devices program. Nature biotechnology 2020. PMID: 32704171


  178. Saleem N, Ismail MK, Tombazzi CR, Soin S, Dhruva SS. Endoscopic transmission of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: implications for Food and Drug Administration approval and postmarket surveillance of endoscopic devices. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2020. PMID: 32750323


  179. Dhruva SS, Mortazavi BJ, Desai NR. Intravascular Microaxial Left Ventricular Assist Device vs Intra-aortic Balloon Pump for Cardiogenic Shock-Reply. JAMA 2020. PMID: 32692385


  180. Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Akar JG, Caldwell B, Childers K, Chow W, Ciaccio L, Coplan P, Dong J, Dykhoff HJ, Johnston S, Kellogg T, Long C, Noseworthy PA, Roberts K, Saha A, Yoo A, Shah ND. Aggregating multiple real-world data sources using a patient-centered health-data-sharing platform. NPJ digital medicine 2020. PMID: 32352038


  181. Wray CM, Dhruva SS, Dhaliwal G. The Art of the Deal: Negotiating Consult Conflict. The American journal of medicine 2020. PMID: 32311342


  182. Resnic FS, Majithia A, Dhruva SS, Ssemaganda H, Robbins S, Marinac-Dabic D, Hewitt K, Ohno-Machado L, Reynolds MR, Matheny ME. Active Surveillance of the Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Registry for Defibrillator Lead Failures. Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes 2020. PMID: 32283971


  183. Ross JS, Dhruva SS, Shah ND. Commentary on Bertagnolli et al.: Leveraging electronic health record data for clinical trials-a brave new world. Clinical trials (London, England) 2020. PMID: 32266836


  184. Money NM, Schroeder AR, Quinonez RA, Ho T, Marin JR, Morgan DJ, Dhruva SS, Coon ER. 2019 Update on Pediatric Medical Overuse: A Systematic Review. JAMA pediatrics 2020. PMID: 32011675


  185. Dhruva SS, Redberg RF. A Successful but Underused Strategy for Reducing Low-Value Care: Stop Paying for It. JAMA internal medicine 2020. PMID: 32040167


  186. Solotke MT, Liu P, Dhruva SS, Gulanski B, Shah ND, Ross JS. Medicare Prescription Drug Plan Coverage of Hormone Therapies Used by Transgender Individuals. LGBT health 2020. PMID: 32267818


  187. Bartlett VL, Liu P, Dhruva SS, Shah ND, Bollinger KE, Ross JS. Prostaglandin Coverage and Costs to Medicare and Medicare Beneficiaries, 2009-2017. Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy 2020. PMID: 32223594


  188. Liu P, Dhruva SS, Shah ND, Ross JS. Medicare beneficiaries' out-of-pocket costs for commonly used generic drugs, 2009-2017. The American journal of managed care 2020. PMID: 32181626


  189. Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Mortazavi BJ, Hurley NC, Krumholz HM, Curtis JP, Berkowitz A, Masoudi FA, Messenger JC, Parzynski CS, Ngufor C, Girotra S, Amin AP, Shah ND, Desai NR. Association of Use of an Intravascular Microaxial Left Ventricular Assist Device vs Intra-aortic Balloon Pump With In-Hospital Mortality and Major Bleeding Among Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock. JAMA 2020. PMID: 32040163


  190. Dhruva SS, Parzynski CS, Gamble GM, Curtis JP, Desai NR, Yeh RW, Masoudi FA, Kuntz R, Shaw RE, Marinac-Dabic D, Sedrakyan A, Normand ST, Krumholz HM, Ross JS. Attribution of Adverse Events Following Coronary Stent Placement Identified Using Administrative Claims Data. Journal of the American Heart Association 2020. PMID: 32063087


  191. Robinson JC, Whaley C, Brown TT, Dhruva SS. Physician and Patient Adjustment to Reference Pricing for Drugs. JAMA network open 2020. PMID: 32022881


  192. Liu P, Ross JS, Ioannidis JP, Dhruva SS, Vasiliou V, Wallach JD. Prevalence and significance of race and ethnicity subgroup analyses in Cochrane intervention reviews. Clinical trials (London, England) 2019. PMID: 31709809


  193. Morgan DJ, Dhruva SS, Coon ER, Wright SM, Korenstein D. 2019 Update on Medical Overuse: A Review. JAMA internal medicine 2019. PMID: 31498374


  194. Solotke MT, Ross JS, Shah ND, Karaca-Mandic P, Dhruva SS. Medicare Prescription Drug Plan Formulary Restrictions After Postmarket FDA Black Box Warnings. Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy 2019. PMID: 31663461


  195. Egilman AC, Wallach JD, Dhruva SS, Gonsalves GS, Ross JS. Medicare Spending on Drugs and Biologics Not Recommended for Coverage by International Health Technology Assessment Agencies. Journal of general internal medicine 2019. PMID: 31313117


  196. Liu P, Ioannidis JPA, Ross JS, Dhruva SS, Luxkaranayagam AT, Vasiliou V, Wallach JD. Age-treatment subgroup analyses in Cochrane intervention reviews: a meta-epidemiological study. BMC medicine 2019. PMID: 31639007


  197. Vijay A, Gupta R, Liu P, Dhruva SS, Shah ND, Ross JS. Medicare Formulary Coverage of Brand-Name Drugs and Therapeutically Interchangeable Generics. Journal of general internal medicine 2019. PMID: 31625043


  198. Bartlett VL, Dhruva SS, Shah ND, Ryan P, Ross JS. Feasibility of Using Real-World Data to Replicate Clinical Trial Evidence. JAMA network open 2019. PMID: 31596493


  199. Kahn PA, Dhruva SS, Rhee TG, Ross JS. Use of Mechanical Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Devices for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest, 2010-2016. JAMA network open 2019. PMID: 31617923


  200. Dayoub EJ, Ross JS, Shah ND, Dhruva SS. Evolution of Medicare Formulary Coverage Changes for Antithrombotic Therapies After Guideline Updates. Circulation 2019. PMID: 31567008


  201. DuBose-Briski V, Yao X, Dunlay SM, Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Shah ND, Noseworthy PA. Evolution of the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association Cardiology Clinical Practice Guidelines: A 10-Year Assessment. Journal of the American Heart Association 2019. PMID: 31566106


  202. Redberg RF, Dhruva SS. Moving From Substantial Equivalence to Substantial Improvement for 510(k) Devices. JAMA 2019. PMID: 31355877


  203. Shahu A, Herrin J, Dhruva SS, Desai NR, Davis BR, Krumholz HM, Spatz ES. Disparities in Socioeconomic Context and Association With Blood Pressure Control and Cardiovascular Outcomes in ALLHAT. Journal of the American Heart Association 2019. PMID: 31362591


  204. Shaw LJ, Blankstein R, Brown DL, Dhruva SS, Douglas PS, Genders TSS, Gibbons RJ, Greenwood JP, Kwong R, Leipsic J, Mahmarian JJ, Maron D, Nagel E, Nicol E, Nieman K, Pellikka PA, Redberg RF, Weir-McCall J, Williams MC, Chandrasekhar Y. Controversies in Diagnostic Imaging of Patients With Suspected Stable and Acute Chest Pain Syndromes. JACC. Cardiovascular imaging 2019. PMID: 31272608


  205. Judson TJ, Dhruva SS, Redberg RF. Evaluation of technologies approved for supplemental payments in the United States. BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2019. PMID: 31209124


  206. Wallach JD, Luxkaranayagam AT, Dhruva SS, Miller JE, Ross JS. Postmarketing commitments for novel drugs and biologics approved by the US Food and Drug Administration: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC medicine 2019. PMID: 31203816


  207. Skydel JJ, Luxkaranayagam AT, Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Wallach JD. Analysis of Postapproval Clinical Trials of Therapeutics Approved by the US Food and Drug Administration Without Clinical Postmarketing Requirements or Commitments. JAMA network open 2019. PMID: 31074812


  208. Morgan DJ, Dhruva SS, Korenstein D. Clinical Interpretation of High-Sensitivity Troponin Testing-Reply. JAMA internal medicine 2019. PMID: 31058941


  209. Coon ER, Quinonez RA, Morgan DJ, Dhruva SS, Ho T, Money N, Schroeder AR. 2018 Update on Pediatric Medical Overuse: A Review. JAMA pediatrics 2019. PMID: 30776069


  210. Vijay A, Ross JS, Shah ND, Jeffery MM, Dhruva SS. Medicare Formulary Coverage and Restrictions for Opioid Potentiators from 2013 to 2017. Journal of general internal medicine 2019. PMID: 30623386


  211. Morgan DJ, Dhruva SS, Coon ER, Wright SM, Korenstein D. 2018 Update on Medical Overuse. JAMA internal medicine 2018. PMID: 30508032


  212. Dhruva SS. Implementation of an EConsult System with Patient Navigation. Journal of health care for the poor and underserved 2019. PMID: 30827966


  213. Shaw DL, Dhruva SS, Ross JS. Coverage of Novel Therapeutic Agents by Medicare Prescription Drug Plans Following FDA Approval. Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy 2018. PMID: 30479199


  214. Huang C, Murugiah K, Mahajan S, Li SX, Dhruva SS, Haimovich JS, Wang Y, Schulz WL, Testani JM, Wilson FP, Mena CI, Masoudi FA, Rumsfeld JS, Spertus JA, Mortazavi BJ, Krumholz HM. Enhancing the prediction of acute kidney injury risk after percutaneous coronary intervention using machine learning techniques: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS medicine 2018. PMID: 30481186


  215. Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Desai NR. Alirocumab's Price Reduction. Circulation 2018. PMID: 30354510


  216. Jones LC, Dhruva SS, Redberg RF. Assessment of Clinical Trial Evidence for High-Risk Cardiovascular Devices Approved Under the Food and Drug Administration Priority Review Program. JAMA internal medicine 2018. PMID: 30178044


  217. Roginiel AC, Dhruva SS, Ross JS. Evidence supporting FDA approval and CMS national coverage determinations for novel medical products, 2005 through 2016: A cross-sectional study. Medicine 2018. PMID: 30290675


  218. Sedrakyan A, Dhruva SS, Sun T, Mao J, Gaudino MFL, Redberg RF. Trends in Use of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement by Age. JAMA 2018. PMID: 30039166


  219. Welsh J, Lu Y, Dhruva SS, Bikdeli B, Desai NR, Benchetrit L, Zimmerman CO, Mu L, Ross JS, Krumholz HM. Age of Data at the Time of Publication of Contemporary Clinical Trials. JAMA network open 2018. PMID: 30646100


  220. Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Desai NR. Real-World Evidence: Promise and Peril For Medical Product Evaluation. P & T : a peer-reviewed journal for formulary management 2018. PMID: 30100687


  221. Liu P, Dhruva SS, Shah ND, Ross JS. Medicare Beneficiary Out-of-Pocket Costs for Generic Cardiovascular Medications Available Through $4 Generic Drug Discount Programs. Annals of internal medicine 2018. PMID: 30039170


  222. Warner F, Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Dey P, Murugiah K, Krumholz HM. Accurate estimation of cardiovascular risk in a non-diabetic adult: detecting and correcting the error in the reported Framingham Risk Score for the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial population. BMJ open 2018. PMID: 30037874


  223. Dhruva SS. Continuing to Improve Appropriateness of Continuous Electrocardiographic Monitoring (Telemetry). JAMA internal medicine 2018. PMID: 29868799


  224. Bates J, Parzynski CS, Dhruva SS, Coppi A, Kuntz R, Li SX, Marinac-Dabic D, Masoudi FA, Shaw RE, Warner F, Krumholz HM, Ross JS. Quantifying the utilization of medical devices necessary to detect postmarket safety differences: A case study of implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety 2018. PMID: 29896873


  225. Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Schulz WL, Krumholz HM. Fulfilling the Promise of Unique Device Identifiers. Annals of internal medicine 2018. PMID: 29868760


  226. Wallach JD, Egilman AC, Dhruva SS, McCarthy ME, Miller JE, Woloshin S, Schwartz LM, Ross JS. Postmarket studies required by the US Food and Drug Administration for new drugs and biologics approved between 2009 and 2012: cross sectional analysis. BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2018. PMID: 29794072


  227. Coon ER, Young PC, Quinonez RA, Morgan DJ, Dhruva SS, Schroeder AR. 2017 Update on Pediatric Medical Overuse: A Review. JAMA pediatrics 2018. PMID: 29582079


  228. Egilman AC, Wallach JD, Ross JS, Dhruva SS. Medicare Spending and Potential Savings on Brand-Name Drugs With Available Generic Substitutes Excluded by 2 Large Pharmacy Benefit Managers, 2012 Through 2015. JAMA internal medicine 2018. PMID: 29340562


  229. Morgan DJ, Dhruva SS, Korenstein D. Medical Overuse of Prostate-Specific Antigen Testing and Overprescription of Antibiotics-Reply. JAMA internal medicine 2018. PMID: 29507989


  230. Morgan DJ, Dhruva SS, Coon ER, Wright SM, Korenstein D. 2017 Update on Medical Overuse: A Systematic Review. JAMA internal medicine 2018. PMID: 28973402


  231. Solotke MT, Dhruva SS, Downing NS, Shah ND, Ross JS. New and incremental FDA black box warnings from 2008 to 2015. Expert opinion on drug safety 2017. PMID: 29215916


  232. Huang C, Dhruva SS, Coppi AC, Warner F, Li SX, Lin H, Nasir K, Krumholz HM. Systolic Blood Pressure Response in SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) and ACCORD (Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes): A Possible Explanation for Discordant Trial Results. Journal of the American Heart Association 2017. PMID: 29133522


  233. Foy AJ, Dhruva SS, Peterson B, Mandrola JM, Morgan DJ, Redberg RF. Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography vs Functional Stress Testing for Patients With Suspected Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Volume 177 of Issue 11. JAMA internal medicine 2017. PMID: 28973101


  234. Dhruva SS, Curtis JP. Requiem for a Scaffold. Annals of internal medicine 2017. PMID: 29049832


  235. Samuels EA, Ross JS, Dhruva SS. Medicare Formulary Coverage Restrictions for Prescription Opioids, 2006 to 2015. Annals of internal medicine 2017. PMID: 29052693


  236. Angraal S, Ross JS, Dhruva SS, Desai NR, Welsh JW, Krumholz HM. Merits of Data Sharing: The Digitalis Investigation Group Trial. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2017. PMID: 28958337


  237. Gupta R, Dhruva SS, Fox ER, Ross JS. The FDA Unapproved Drugs Initiative: An Observational Study of the Consequences for Drug Prices and Shortages in the United States. Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy 2017. PMID: 28944731


  238. Dhruva SS, Karaca-Mandic P, Shah ND, Shaw DL, Ross JS. Association between FDA black box warnings and Medicare formulary coverage changes. The American journal of managed care 2017. PMID: 29087169


  239. Coon ER, Young PC, Quinonez RA, Morgan DJ, Dhruva SS, Schroeder AR. Author's Response. Pediatrics 2017. PMID: 28860137


  240. Dhruva SS, Mazure CM, Ross JS, Redberg RF. Inclusion of Demographic-Specific Information in Studies Supporting US Food & Drug Administration Approval of High-Risk Medical Devices. Volume 177 of Issue 9. JAMA internal medicine 2017. PMID: 28738116


  241. Zheng SY, Dhruva SS, Redberg RF. Characteristics of Clinical Studies Used for US Food and Drug Administration Approval of High-Risk Medical Device Supplements. Volume 318 of Issue 7. JAMA 2017. PMID: 28810022


  242. Dhruva SS, Huang C, Spatz ES, Coppi AC, Warner F, Li SX, Lin H, Xu X, Furberg CD, Davis BR, Pressel SL, Coifman RR, Krumholz HM. Heterogeneity in Early Responses in ALLHAT (Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial). Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 2017. PMID: 28559399


  243. Dhruva SS, Redberg RF. FDA Drug Trials Snapshots-A Clearer Picture. Volume 177 of Issue 5. JAMA internal medicine 2017. PMID: 28288250


  244. Krumholz HM, Dhruva SS. Real-World Data on Heart Failure Readmission Reduction: Real or Real Uncertain? Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2017. PMID: 28330750


  245. Sedrakyan A, Dhruva SS, Shuhaiber J. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Younger Individuals. JAMA internal medicine 2017. PMID: 28027340


  246. Dhruva SS, Redberg RF. Letter by Dhruva and Redberg Regarding Article, "Sex and Race/Ethnicity Differences in Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Counseling and Use Among Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure: Findings From the Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure Progra Volume 135 of Issue 3. Circulation 2017. PMID: 28093498


  247. Dhruva SS, Desai NR, Karaca-Mandic P, Shah ND, Ross JS. Medicare Formulary Changes After the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Cholesterol Guideline. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2017. PMID: 28081832


  248. Coon ER, Young PC, Quinonez RA, Morgan DJ, Dhruva SS, Schroeder AR. Update on Pediatric Overuse. Pediatrics 2017. PMID: 28049113


  249. Morgan DJ, Dhruva SS, Wright SM, Korenstein D. 2016 Update on Medical Overuse: A Systematic Review. JAMA internal medicine 2016. PMID: 27654002


  250. Foy AJ, Dhruva SS, Mandrola J. For the Patient with "Low-risk Chest Pain"-How Low Is Low? Academic radiology 2016. PMID: 27671908


  251. Dhruva SS, Redberg RF. Sex-Specific Data for the Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator. Volume 68 of Issue 1. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2016. PMID: 27364060


  252. Dhruva SS, Krumholz HM. Championing Effectiveness Before Cost-Effectiveness. JACC. Heart failure 2016. PMID: 27039130


  253. Dhruva SS, Prasad V. Application of Medicare's New Technology Add-on Payment Program for Blinatumomab. JAMA oncology 2016. PMID: 26720844


  254. Dhruva SS, Krumholz HM. The Core Value of Cost-Effectiveness Analyses. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2016. PMID: 26764064


  255. Morgan DJ, Dhruva SS, Wright SM, Korenstein D. Update on Medical Practices That Should Be Questioned in 2015. JAMA internal medicine 2015. PMID: 26551354


  256. Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Gariepy AM. Revisiting Essure--Toward Safe and Effective Sterilization. The New England journal of medicine 2015. PMID: 26397951


  257. Morgan DJ, Brownlee S, Leppin AL, Kressin N, Dhruva SS, Levin L, Landon BE, Zezza MA, Schmidt H, Saini V, Elshaug AG. Setting a research agenda for medical overuse. BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2015. PMID: 26306661


  258. Sab S, Dhruva SS, Paulsen J, Sidhu RS, Amsterdam EA, Venugopal S. Here Today, Gone Tomorrow. The American journal of medicine 2015. PMID: 26302138


  259. Chang L, Dhruva SS, Chu J, Bero LA, Redberg RF. Selective reporting in trials of high risk cardiovascular devices: cross sectional comparison between premarket approval summaries and published reports. Volume 350. BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2015. PMID: 26063311


  260. Dhruva SS, Redberg RF. Evidence And Medicare's Coverage Of Interventions. Volume 34 of Issue 6. Health affairs (Project Hope) 2015. PMID: 26056214


  261. Morgan DJ, Wright SM, Dhruva S. Update on medical overuse. JAMA internal medicine 2015. PMID: 25365707


  262. Gartenberg AJ, Peleg A, Dhruva SS, Redberg RF. Presumed safe no more: lessons from the Wingspan saga on regulation of devices. Volume 348. BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2014. PMID: 24452627


  263. Baxi S, Platts-Mills J, Dhruva S, Huang L, Hanks D, Dhaliwal G. A double-edged sword. Journal of hospital medicine 2013. PMID: 23293015


  264. Dhruva SS, Redberg RF. FDA regulation of cardiovascular devices and opportunities for improvement. Volume 36 of Issue 2. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2012. PMID: 23263896


  265. Chen CE, Dhruva SS, Redberg RF. Inclusion of comparative effectiveness data in high-risk cardiovascular device studies at the time of premarket approval. Volume 308 of Issue 17. JAMA 2012. PMID: 23117769


  266. Dhruva SS, Redberg RF. Medical device regulation: time to improve performance. Volume 9 of Issue 7. PLoS medicine 2012. PMID: 22859912


  267. Dhruva SS, Redberg RF. Evaluating sex differences in medical device clinical trials: time for action. Volume 307 of Issue 11. JAMA 2012. PMID: 22378695


  268. Dhruva SS, Redberg RF. Withdrawing unsafe drugs from the market. Volume 30 of Issue 11. Health affairs (Project Hope) 2011. PMID: 22068420


  269. Dhruva SS, Redberg RF. Sex-specific outcomes for HeartMate II. Volume 58 of Issue 12. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2011. PMID: 21903068


  270. Redberg RF, Dhruva SS. Transcatheter aortic-valve replacement. Volume 365 of Issue 10. The New England journal of medicine 2011. PMID: 21899458


  271. Dhruva SS, Redberg RF. Clinical trial enrollment and progress in women's health. Volume 305 of Issue 12. JAMA 2011. PMID: 21427370


  272. Dhruva SS, Bero LA, Redberg RF. Gender bias in studies for Food and Drug Administration premarket approval of cardiovascular devices. Volume 4 of Issue 2. Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes 2011. PMID: 21364127


  273. Redberg RF, Dhruva SS. Medical device recalls: get it right the first time: Comment on "Medical device recalls and the FDA approval process". Volume 171 of Issue 11. Archives of internal medicine 2011. PMID: 21321286


  274. Chen CE, Dhruva SS, Bero LA, Redberg RF. Inclusion of training patients in US Food and Drug Administration premarket approval cardiovascular device studies. Volume 171 of Issue 6. Archives of internal medicine 2010. PMID: 21098342


  275. Dhruva SS, Redberg RF. Accelerated approval and possible withdrawal of midodrine. Volume 304 of Issue 19. JAMA 2010. PMID: 21081731


  276. Dhruva SS, Redberg RF. The need for sex-specific data prior to food and drug administration approval. Volume 55 of Issue 3. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2010. PMID: 20117414


  277. Dhruva SS, Bero LA, Redberg RF. Strength of study evidence examined by the FDA in premarket approval of cardiovascular devices. Volume 302 of Issue 24. JAMA 2009. PMID: 20040556


  278. Dhruva SS, Phurrough SE, Salive ME, Redberg RF. CMS's landmark decision on CT colonography--examining the relevant data. Volume 360 of Issue 26. The New England journal of medicine 2009. PMID: 19474419


  279. Dhruva SS, Redberg RF. Variations between clinical trial participants and Medicare beneficiaries in evidence used for Medicare national coverage decisions. Volume 168 of Issue 2. Archives of internal medicine 2008. PMID: 18227358