Ralph Gonzales, MD, MSPH

Chief Innovation Officer

Dr. Ralph Gonzales is Associate Dean for Clinical Innovation and Chief Innovation Officer for UCSF Health. His research has played a significant role in national and global efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance by improving antibiotic prescribing practices - the body of which provides a successful roadmap for translating evidence into practice, policy and public health. Dr Gonzales’ research is multidisciplinary, patient-centered, and informed by relevant stakeholders and policy makers such as the CDC, NCQA, professional societies and community clinicians and patients. It represents the full spectrum of translational research - from practice guideline development, to implementation of innovative health care interventions, to conducting larger community-based trials to examine the comparative effectiveness of different health care interventions.
In addition, Dr. Gonzales is currently leading several project teams in designing, implementing and evaluating new ways to improve primary care-specialty care communication and care coordination, focusing on strategies that achieve the triple aim of improving quality, outcomes and decreasing costs. One includes the use of eReferrals and eConsults to streamline the referral and coordination process; another project is evaluating new team-based strategies to reduce unnecessary follow-up visits in specialty care.

Publications

  1. Metlay JP, Gonzales R, Judson TJ, Chang Y, Margolin J, Oza S, Parry BA, Tagerman MD, Hayden E. Accuracy of Patient-Collected Vital Signs. Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association 2024. PMID: 39149809


  2. Edwards Y, Yang N, Auerbach AD, Gonzales R, McCulloch CE, Howell EE, Goldstein J, Thompson S, Kaiser SV. Simultaneously implementing pathways for improving asthma, pneumonia, and bronchiolitis care for hospitalized children: Protocol for a hybrid effectiveness-implementation, cluster-randomized trial. Journal of hospital medicine 2024. PMID: 39139049


  3. Growdon ME, Hunt LJ, Miller MJ, Halim M, Karliner LS, Gonzales R, Sudore RL, Steinman MA, Harrison KL. eConsultation for Deprescribing Among Older Adults: Clinician Perspectives on Implementation Barriers and Facilitators. Journal of general internal medicine 2024. PMID: 38941059


  4. Hayashi K, Shigemura K, Tanimoto H, Kumagai K, Gonzales RR, Yang YM, Maeda K, Matsuyama H, Fujisawa M. Establishment of an artificial urine model in vitro and rat or pig model in vivo to evaluate urinary crystal adherence. Scientific Reports 2024. PMID: 38796538


  5. Rosenbluth G, Choi LW, Boscardin CK, Gonzales R, Green A, Hernandez A, Vidyarthi AR, Julian KA, Baron RB. Engaging GME Learners in Health System-Aligned Improvement Work in the Clinical Learning Environment. American journal of medical quality : the official journal of the American College of Medical Quality 2023. PMID: 38127672


  6. Outram SM, Rooholamini SN, Desai M, Edwards Y, Ja C, Morton K, Vaughan JH, Shaw JS, Gonzales R, Kaiser SV. Barriers and Facilitators of High-Efficiency Clinical Pathway Implementation in Community Hospitals. Hospital pediatrics 2023. PMID: 37697946


  7. Judson TJ, Zhang S, Lindan CP, Boothroyd D, Grumbach K, Bollyky JB, Sample HA, Huang B, Desai M, Gonzales R, Maldonado Y, Rutherford G, TrackCOVID Consortium. Association of protective behaviors with SARS-CoV-2 infection: results from a longitudinal cohort study of adults in the San Francisco Bay Area. Annals of epidemiology 2023. PMID: 37524216


  8. Judson TJ, Pierce L, Tutman A, Mourad M, Neinstein AB, Shuler G, Gonzales R, Odisho AY. Utilization patterns and efficiency gains from use of a fully EHR-integrated COVID-19 self-triage and self-scheduling tool: a retrospective analysis. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA 2022. PMID: 36029243


  9. Liu AW, Odisho AY, Brown Iii W, Gonzales R, Neinstein AB, Judson TJ. Patient Experience and Feedback After Using an Electronic Health Record-Integrated COVID-19 Symptom Checker: Survey Study. JMIR human factors 2022. PMID: 35960593


  10. Lozano PM, Lane-Fall M, Franklin PD, Rothman RL, Gonzales R, Ong MK, Gould MK, Beebe TJ, Roumie CL, Guise JM, Enders FT, Forrest CB, Mendonca EA, Starrels JL, Sarkar U, Savitz LA, Moon J, Linzer M, Ralston JD, Chesley FD. Training the next generation of learning health system scientists. Learning health systems 2022. PMID: 36263260


  11. Waldman SE, Buehring T, Escobar DJ, Gohil SK, Gonzales R, Huang SS, Olenslager K, Prabaker KK, Sandoval T, Yim J, Yokoe DS, Cohen SH. Secondary Cases of Delta-Variant COVID-19 Among Vaccinated Healthcare Workers with Breakthrough Infections is Rare. 2021. PMID: 34694358


  12. Lindan CP, Desai M, Boothroyd D, Judson T, Bollyky J, Sample H, Weng Y, Cheng Y, Dahlen A, Hedlin H, Grumbach K, Henne J, Garcia S, Gonzales R, Craik CS, Maldonado Y, Rutherford G. Design of a population-based longitudinal cohort study of SARS-CoV-2 incidence and prevalence among adults in the San Francisco Bay Area. 2021. PMID: 34800659


  13. Choi LW, Moriates C, Payne AS, Varaklis K, Gonzales R, Baron RB. CLER Pursuing Excellence: Faculty Development Innovations in Quality, Safety, Equity, and Value. 2021. PMID: 34721814


  14. LaHue SC, Maselli J, Rogers S, Casatta J, Chao J, Croci R, Gonzales R, Holt B, Josephson SA, Lama S, Lau C, McCulloch C, Newman JC, Terrelonge M, Yeager J, Douglas VC. Outcomes Following Implementation of a Hospital-Wide, Multicomponent Delirium Care Pathway. Journal of hospital medicine 2021. PMID: 34197303


  15. Damschroder LJ, Knighton AJ, Griese E, Greene SM, Lozano P, Kilbourne AM, Buist DSM, Crotty K, Elwy AR, Fleisher LA, Gonzales R, Huebschmann AG, Limper HM, Ramalingam NS, Wilemon K, Ho PM, Helfrichfcr CD. Recommendations for strengthening the role of embedded researchers to accelerate implementation in health systems: Findings from a state-of-the-art (SOTA) conference workgroup. Healthcare (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 2021. PMID: 34175093


  16. Peng T, Gleason N, Gonzales R. A Comparison of Patient-Reported Outcomes Related to Telephone Follow-Up Visits and Conventional Office Visits in Medical Specialty Practices. Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association 2020. PMID: 33090078


  17. Liu C, Ahmed K, Chen CL, Dudley RA, Gonzales R, Orrico K, Yerneni K, Stienen MN, Veeravagu A, Desai A, Park J, Ratliff JK, Zygourakis CC. Association between Physician Industry Payments and Cost of Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in Medicare Beneficiaries. World neurosurgery 2020. PMID: 32791230


  18. Judson TJ, Odisho AY, Young JJ, Bigazzi O, Steuer D, Gonzales R, Neinstein AB. Case Report: Implementation of a Digital Chatbot to Screen Health System Employees during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA 2020. PMID: 32531066


  19. Judson T, Gonzales R. Patient Portal Reminders-Easy but Ineffective. JAMA internal medicine 2020. PMID: 32421140


  20. Pletcher MJ, Flaherman V, Najafi N, Patel S, Rushakoff RJ, Hoffman A, Robinson A, Cucina RJ, McCulloch CE, Gonzales R, Auerbach A. Randomized Controlled Trials of Electronic Health Record Interventions: Design, Conduct, and Reporting Considerations. Annals of internal medicine 2020. PMID: 32479183


  21. Judson TJ, Odisho AY, Neinstein AB, Chao J, Williams A, Miller C, Moriarty T, Gleason N, Intinarelli G, Gonzales R. Rapid Design and Implementation of an Integrated Patient Self-Triage and Self-Scheduling Tool for COVID-19. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA 2020. PMID: 32267928


  22. Young JS, Chan AK, Viner JA, Sankaran S, Chan AY, Imershein S, Meary-Miller A, Theodosopoulos PV, Jacques L, Aghi MK, Chang EF, Hervey-Jumper SL, Ward T, Gibson L, Ward MM, Sanftner P, Wong S, Amara D, Magill ST, Osorio JA, Venkatesh B, Gonzales R, Lau C, Boscardin C, Wang M, Berry K, McCullagh L, Reid M, Reels K, Nedkov S, Berger MS, McDermott MW. A Safe Transitions Pathway for post-craniotomy neurological surgery patients: high-value care that bypasses the intensive care unit. Journal of neurosurgery 2020. PMID: 32470928


  23. Shete PB, Gonzales R, Ackerman S, Cattamanchi A, Handley MA. The University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Training Program in Implementation Science: Program Experiences and Outcomes. Frontiers in public health 2020. PMID: 32292773


  24. Borno HT, Bakke BM, Kaplan C, Hebig-Prophet A, Chao J, Kim YJ, Yeager J, Cinar P, Small E, Boscardin C, Gonzales R. A step towards equitable clinical trial recruitment: a protocol for the development and preliminary testing of an online prostate cancer health information and clinical trial matching tool. Pilot and Feasibility Studies 2019. PMID: 31720002


  25. Troy L, Knight L, Olson M, Chen M, Gonzales R, Berg M, Su F. Healthcare Provider Perceptions of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality During Simulation Training. Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies 2019. PMID: 31232856


  26. Caruso TJ, Rama A, Knight LJ, Gonzales R, Munshey F, Darling C, Chen M, Sharek PJ. Operating Room Codes Redefined: A Highly Reliable Model Integrating the Core Hospital Code Team. Pediatric quality & safety 2019. PMID: 31579871


  27. Wong A, Young AT, Liang AS, Gonzales R, Douglas VC, Hadley D. Development and Validation of an Electronic Health Record-Based Machine Learning Model to Estimate Delirium Risk in Newly Hospitalized Patients Without Known Cognitive Impairment. JAMA network open 2018. PMID: 30646095


  28. Zygourakis CC, Liu CY, Keefe M, Moriates C, Ratliff J, Dudley RA, Gonzales R, Mummaneni PV, Ames CP. Analysis of National Rates, Cost, and Sources of Cost Variation in Adult Spinal Deformity. Neurosurgery 2018. PMID: 28486687


  29. Zygourakis CC, Liu CY, Yoon S, Moriates C, Boscardin C, Dudley RA, Lawton MT, Theodosopoulos P, Berger MS, Gonzales R. Analysis of Cost Variation in Craniotomy for Tumor Using 2 National Databases. Neurosurgery 2017. PMID: 28402457


  30. Lee JS, Gonzales R, Vittinghoff E, Corbett KK, Fleischmann KE, Sehgal N, Auerbach AD. Appropriate Reconciliation of Cardiovascular Medications After Elective Surgery and Postdischarge Acute Hospital and Ambulatory Visits. Journal of hospital medicine 2017. PMID: 28914276


  31. Gonzales R, Moriates C, Lau C, Valencia V, Imershein S, Rajkomar A, Prasad P, Boscardin C, Grady D, Johnston S. Caring Wisely: A Program to Support Frontline Clinicians and Staff in Improving Healthcare Delivery and Reducing Costs. Journal of hospital medicine 2017. PMID: 28786434


  32. Zygourakis CC, Liu CY, Wakam G, Moriates C, Boscardin C, Ames CP, Mummaneni PV, Ratliff J, Dudley RA, Gonzales R. Geographic and Hospital Variation in Cost of Lumbar Laminectomy and Lumbar Fusion for Degenerative Conditions. Neurosurgery 2017. PMID: 28327960


  33. Prasad PA, Shea ER, Shiboski S, Sullivan MC, Gonzales R, Shimabukuro D. Relationship Between a Sepsis Intervention Bundle and In-Hospital Mortality Among Hospitalized Patients: A Retrospective Analysis of Real-World Data. Anesthesia and analgesia 2017. PMID: 28514322


  34. Liu CY, Zygourakis CC, Yoon S, Kliot T, Moriates C, Ratliff J, Dudley RA, Gonzales R, Mummaneni PV, Ames CP. Trends in Utilization and Cost of Cervical Spine Surgery Using the National Inpatient Sample Database, 2001 to 2013. Spine 2017. PMID: 28562473


  35. Gonzales R, Boscardin C, Auerbach A. Communicating Context in Quality Improvement Reports. JAMA internal medicine 2017. PMID: 28395019


  36. Zygourakis CC, Valencia V, Moriates C, Boscardin CK, Catschegn S, Rajkomar A, Bozic KJ, Soo Hoo K, Goldberg AN, Pitts L, Lawton MT, Dudley RA, Gonzales R. Association Between Surgeon Scorecard Use and Operating Room Costs. JAMA surgery 2017. PMID: 27926758


  37. Minnaard MC, de Groot JAH, Hopstaken RM, Schierenberg A, de Wit NJ, Reitsma JB, Broekhuizen BDL, van Vugt SF, Neven AK, Graffelman AW, Melbye H, Rainer TH, Steurer J, Holm A, Gonzales R, Dinant GJ, van de Pol AC, Verheij TJM. The added value of C-reactive protein measurement in diagnosing pneumonia in primary care: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne 2016. PMID: 27647618


  38. Zygourakis CC, Valencia V, Boscardin C, Nayak RU, Moriates C, Gonzales R, Theodosopoulos P, Lawton MT. Predictors of Variation in Neurosurgical Supply Costs and Outcomes Across 4904 Surgeries at a Single Institution. World neurosurgery 2016. PMID: 27613498


  39. Zygourakis CC, Valencia V, Moriates C, Boscardin C, Catschegn S, Goldberg A, Bozic K, Hoo KS, Wustrack R, Pitts LH, Dudley A, Gonzales R, Lawton MT. 152 A Prospective Controlled Trial of the Effect of Surgeon Cost Scorecards on Operating Room Surgical Cost Reduction. Neurosurgery 2016. PMID: 27399431


  40. Zygourakis CC, Liu C, Theodosopoulos PV, Lawton MT, Dudley A, Gonzales R. 153 Significant Interhospital Variation in Cranial Surgery Costs Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database. Neurosurgery 2016. PMID: 27399432


  41. Gleason N, Prasad PA, Ackerman S, Ho C, Monacelli J, Wang M, Collado D, Gonzales R. Adoption and impact of an eConsult system in a fee-for-service setting. Healthcare (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 2016. PMID: 27469441


  42. Wrenn K, Catschegn S, Cruz M, Gleason N, Gonzales R. Analysis of an electronic consultation program at an academic medical centre: Primary care provider questions, specialist responses, and primary care provider actions. Journal of telemedicine and telecare 2016. PMID: 26940797


  43. Zygourakis CC, Yoon S, Valencia V, Boscardin C, Moriates C, Gonzales R, Lawton MT. Operating room waste: disposable supply utilization in neurosurgical procedures. Journal of neurosurgery 2016. PMID: 27153160


  44. Otto ME, Senter C, Gonzales R, Gleason N. Referring wisely: orthopedic referral guidelines at an academic institution. Volume 22 of Issue 5. The American journal of managed care 2016. PMID: 27266584


  45. Schierenberg A, Minnaard MC, Hopstaken RM, van de Pol AC, Broekhuizen BD, de Wit NJ, Reitsma JB, van Vugt SF, Graffelman AW, Melbye H, Rainer TH, Steurer J, Holm A, Gonzales R, Dinant GJ, de Groot JA, Verheij TJ. External Validation of Prediction Models for Pneumonia in Primary Care Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis. PloS one 2016. PMID: 26918859


  46. Ackerman SL, Boscardin C, Karliner L, Handley MA, Cheng S, Gaither TW, Hagey J, Hennein L, Malik F, Shaw B, Trinidad N, Zahner G, Gonzales R. The Action Research Program: Experiential Learning in Systems-Based Practice for First-Year Medical Students. Teaching and learning in medicine 2016. PMID: 27064720


  47. Liu CY, Gonzales R. Variation in Follow-Up Visit Practices Across Clinicians and Conditions: Findings From a University Cardiology Practice. Health services research and managerial epidemiology 2015. PMID: 28462271


  48. Gonzales R, Cattamanchi A. Changing Clinician Behavior When Less Is More. Volume 175 of Issue 12. JAMA internal medicine 2015. PMID: 26457364


  49. Boscardin CK, Gonzales R, Bradley KL, Raven MC. Predicting cost of care using self-reported health status data. BMC health services research 2015. PMID: 26399319


  50. Ho CK, Boscardin CK, Gleason N, Collado D, Terdiman J, Terrault NA, Gonzales R. Optimizing the pre-referral workup for gastroenterology and hepatology specialty care: consensus using the Delphi method. Journal of evaluation in clinical practice 2015. PMID: 26223584


  51. Ho CK, Maselli JH, Terrault NA, Gonzales R. High Rate of Hospital Admissions Among Patients with Cirrhosis Seeking Care in US Emergency Departments. Digestive diseases and sciences 2015. PMID: 25724166


  52. Cruz ML, Gleason N, Wang M, Wrenn K, Gonzales R. Transforming the endocrine consult: asynchronous provider consultations. Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 2015. PMID: 25667365


  53. Ackerman S, Gleason N, Gonzales R. Using Rapid Ethnography to Support the Design and Implementation of Health Information Technologies. Studies in health technology and informatics 2015. PMID: 26249181


  54. Khanna R, Stoddard PJ, Gonzales EN, Villagran-Flores M, Thomson J, Bayard P, Palos Lucio AG, Schillinger D, Bertozzi S, Gonzales R. An automated telephone nutrition support system for Spanish-speaking patients with diabetes. Journal of diabetes science and technology 2014. PMID: 25239122


  55. Tang N, Maselli JH, Gonzales R. Variations in 30-day hospital readmission rates across primary care clinics within a tertiary referral center. Journal of hospital medicine 2014. PMID: 25130292


  56. Ackerman SL, Gleason N, Monacelli J, Collado D, Wang M, Ho C, Catschegn-Pfab S, Gonzales R. When to repatriate? Clinicians' perspectives on the transfer of patient management from specialty to primary care. Journal of general internal medicine 2014. PMID: 24934146


  57. Moy NY, Lee SJ, Chan T, Grovey B, Boscardin WJ, Gonzales R, Pierluissi E. Development and sustainability of an inpatient-to-outpatient discharge handoff tool: a quality improvement project. Joint Commission journal on quality and patient safety 2014. PMID: 24919253


  58. Lee HC, Bardach NS, Maselli JH, Gonzales R. Emergency department visits in the neonatal period in the United States. Pediatric emergency care 2014. PMID: 24759490


  59. Eng JA, Hunter CJ, Handley MA, Boscardin CK, Gonzales R, Ackerman SL. Patient attitudes about specialty follow-up care by telephone. The American journal of managed care 2014. PMID: 24738534


  60. Ackerman SL, Gonzales R, Stahl MS, Metlay JP. One size does not fit all: evaluating an intervention to reduce antibiotic prescribing for acute bronchitis. BMC health services research 2013. PMID: 24188573


  61. Nguyen OK, Tang N, Hillman JM, Gonzales R. What's cost got to do with it? Association between hospital costs and frequency of admissions among "high users" of hospital care. Volume 8 of Issue 12. Journal of hospital medicine 2013. PMID: 24173680


  62. Gonzales R, Metlay JP. Shifting the paradigm for promoting appropriate antibiotic use. Journal of general internal medicine 2013. PMID: 23636914


  63. Ackerman S, Auer R, Gonzales R. Cultural capital: accounting for power in patient-physician interactions. JAMA internal medicine 2013. PMID: 23479112


  64. Boscardin CK, Gonzales R. The impact of demographic characteristics on nonresponse in an ambulatory patient satisfaction survey. Joint Commission journal on quality and patient safety 2013. PMID: 23516762


  65. Gonzales R, Anderer T, McCulloch CE, Maselli JH, Bloom FJ, Graf TR, Stahl M, Yefko M, Molecavage J, Metlay JP. A cluster randomized trial of decision support strategies for reducing antibiotic use in acute bronchitis. JAMA internal medicine 2013. PMID: 23319069


  66. Gonzales R, Ackerman S, Handley M. Can implementation science help to overcome challenges in translating judicious antibiotic use into practice? Archives of internal medicine 2012. PMID: 23007141


  67. Fahimi J, Herring A, Harries A, Gonzales R, Alter H. Computed tomography use among children presenting to emergency departments with abdominal pain. Pediatrics 2012. PMID: 23045569


  68. Ackerman SL, Tebb K, Stein JC, Frazee BW, Hendey GW, Schmidt LA, Gonzales R. Benefit or burden? A sociotechnical analysis of diagnostic computer kiosks in four California hospital emergency departments. Social science & medicine (1982) 2012. PMID: 23063214


  69. Schwarz EB, Burch EJ, Parisi SM, Tebb KP, Grossman D, Mehrotra A, Gonzales R. Computer-assisted provision of hormonal contraception in acute care settings. Contraception 2012. PMID: 22921686


  70. Ackerman S, Gonzales R. The context of antibiotic overuse. Annals of internal medicine 2012. PMID: 22868840


  71. Roth S, Gonzales R, Harding-Anderer T, Bloom FJ, Graf T, Stahl MS, Maselli JH, Metlay JP. Unintended consequences of a quality measure for acute bronchitis. The American journal of managed care 2012. PMID: 22775073


  72. Govindarajan P, Gonzales R, Maselli JH, Johnston SC, Fahimi J, Poisson S, Stein JC. Regional differences in emergency medical services use for patients with acute stroke (findings from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Emergency Department Data File). Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association 2012. PMID: 22465209


  73. Afonso AM, Ebell MH, Gonzales R, Stein J, Genton B, Senn N. The use of classification and regression trees to predict the likelihood of seasonal influenza. Family practice 2012. PMID: 22427440


  74. Gonzales R, Handley MA, Ackerman S, O'sullivan PS. A framework for training health professionals in implementation and dissemination science. Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 2012. PMID: 22373617


  75. Gonzales R, López-Caudana AE, González-Flores T, Jayanthan J, Corbett KK, Reyes-Morales H. Antibiotic knowledge and self-care for acute respiratory tract infections in Mexico. Salud publica de Mexico 2012. PMID: 22535174


  76. Ebell MH, Afonso AM, Gonzales R, Stein J, Genton B, Senn N. Development and validation of a clinical decision rule for the diagnosis of influenza. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM 2012. PMID: 22218625


  77. Gonzales R, Handley MA. Improving glycemic control when "usual" diabetes care is not enough. Archives of internal medicine 2011. PMID: 21986349


  78. Stein JC, Navab B, Frazee B, Tebb K, Hendey G, Maselli J, Gonzales R. A randomized trial of computer kiosk-expedited management of cystitis in the emergency department. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 2011. PMID: 21996070


  79. Moffett SE, Frazee BW, Stein JC, Navab B, Maselli J, Takhar SS, Gonzales R. Antimicrobial resistance in uncomplicated urinary tract infections in 3 California EDs. The American journal of emergency medicine 2011. PMID: 21802879


  80. Westphalen AC, Hsia RY, Maselli JH, Wang R, Gonzales R. Radiological imaging of patients with suspected urinary tract stones: national trends, diagnoses, and predictors. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 2011. PMID: 21762233


  81. Sarkar U, López A, Maselli JH, Gonzales R. Adverse drug events in U.S. adult ambulatory medical care. Volume 46 of Issue 5. Health services research 2011. PMID: 21554271


  82. Price EL, Mackenzie TD, Metlay JP, Camargo CA, Gonzales R. A computerized education module improves patient knowledge and attitudes about appropriate antibiotic use for acute respiratory tract infections. Patient education and counseling 2011. PMID: 21392929


  83. Stein JC, Jacoby VL, Vittinghoff E, Wang R, Kwan E, Reynolds T, McAlpine I, Gonzales R. Differential use of diagnostic ultrasound in u.s. Emergency departments by time of day. The western journal of emergency medicine 2011. PMID: 21691478


  84. Shapiro DJ, Gonzales R, Cabana MD, Hersh AL. National trends in visit rates and antibiotic prescribing for children with acute sinusitis. Volume 127 of Issue 1. Pediatrics 2010. PMID: 21187311


  85. Cornia PB, Hersh AL, Lipsky BA, Newman TB, Gonzales R. Does this coughing adolescent or adult patient have pertussis? JAMA 2010. PMID: 20736473


  86. Tang N, Stein J, Hsia RY, Maselli JH, Gonzales R. Trends and characteristics of US emergency department visits, 1997-2007. JAMA 2010. PMID: 20699458


  87. Hersh AL, Gonzales R. Decreasing out-of-pocket costs of antibiotics: the good, the bad, and the unknown. Archives of internal medicine 2010. PMID: 20696954


  88. Aagaard EM, Gonzales R, Camargo CA, Auten R, Levin SK, Maselli J, Metlay J. Physician champions are key to improving antibiotic prescribing quality. Joint Commission journal on quality and patient safety 2010. PMID: 20235412


  89. Wirtz VJ, Dreser A, Gonzales R. Trends in antibiotic utilization in eight Latin American countries, 1997-2007. Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health 2010. PMID: 20414511


  90. Fee C, Metlay JP, Camargo CA, Maselli JH, Gonzales R. ED antibiotic use for acute respiratory illnesses since pneumonia performance measure inception. The American journal of emergency medicine 2010. PMID: 20006197


  91. Tsui JI, Maselli J, Gonzales R. Sociodemographic trends in national ambulatory care visits for hepatitis C virus infection. Digestive diseases and sciences 2009. PMID: 19104932


  92. Steinman MA, Yang KY, Byron SC, Maselli JH, Gonzales R. Variation in outpatient antibiotic prescribing in the United States. The American journal of managed care 2009. PMID: 20001167


  93. Stearns CR, Gonzales R, Camargo CA, Maselli J, Metlay JP. Antibiotic prescriptions are associated with increased patient satisfaction with emergency department visits for acute respiratory tract infections. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 2009. PMID: 19799568


  94. Levin SK, Metlay JP, Maselli JH, Kersey AS, Camargo CA, Gonzales R. Perceived social support among adults seeking care for acute respiratory tract infections in US EDs. The American journal of emergency medicine 2009. PMID: 19497465


  95. Hersh AL, Cabana MD, Gonzales R, Shenkin BN, Cho CS. Pediatricians' perspectives on the impact of MRSA in primary care: a qualitative study. Volume 9. BMC pediatrics 2009. PMID: 19366461


  96. Gonzales R, Aagaard EM, Camargo CA, Ma OJ, Plautz M, Maselli JH, McCulloch CE, Levin SK, Metlay JP. C-reactive protein testing does not decrease antibiotic use for acute cough illness when compared to a clinical algorithm. The Journal of emergency medicine 2008. PMID: 19095403


  97. Schwarz EB, Sobota M, Gonzales R, Gerbert B. Computerized counseling for folate knowledge and use: a randomized controlled trial. American journal of preventive medicine 2008. PMID: 19000845


  98. Ranji SR, Steinman MA, Shojania KG, Gonzales R. Interventions to reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescribing: a systematic review and quantitative analysis. Medical care 2008. PMID: 18665065


  99. Hersh AL, Chambers HF, Maselli JH, Gonzales R. National trends in ambulatory visits and antibiotic prescribing for skin and soft-tissue infections. Archives of internal medicine 2008. PMID: 18663172


  100. Wigton RS, Darr CA, Corbett KK, Nickol DR, Gonzales R. How do community practitioners decide whether to prescribe antibiotics for acute respiratory tract infections? Journal of general internal medicine 2008. PMID: 18622651


  101. Gonzales R, Corbett KK, Wong S, Glazner JE, Deas A, Leeman-Castillo B, Maselli JH, Sebert-Kuhlmann A, Wigton RS, Flores E, Kafadar K. "Get smart Colorado": impact of a mass media campaign to improve community antibiotic use. Medical care 2008. PMID: 18520314


  102. Schwarz EB, Gerbert B, Gonzales R. Computer-assisted provision of emergency contraception a randomized controlled trial. Journal of general internal medicine 2008. PMID: 18398664


  103. Gonzales R, Corbett KK, Wirtz V, Dreser A. Drug Resistant Infections in Poor Countries: A shrinking window of opportunity. BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2008. PMID: 18397943


  104. Lurie P, Cornia PB, Lipsky BA, Gonzales R. Nothing to cough at. The New England journal of medicine 2008. PMID: 18287613


  105. Pletcher MJ, Kertesz SG, Kohn MA, Gonzales R. Trends in opioid prescribing by race/ethnicity for patients seeking care in US emergency departments. JAMA 2008. PMID: 18167408


  106. Cals JW, Boumans D, Lardinois RJ, Gonzales R, Hopstaken RM, Butler CC, Dinant GJ. Public beliefs on antibiotics and respiratory tract infections: an internet-based questionnaire study. The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners 2007. PMID: 18252068


  107. Sarkar U, Piette JD, Gonzales R, Lessler D, Chew LD, Reilly B, Johnson J, Brunt M, Huang J, Regenstein M, Schillinger D. Preferences for self-management support: findings from a survey of diabetes patients in safety-net health systems. Volume 70 of Issue 1. Patient education and counseling 2007. PMID: 17997264


  108. Cornia PB, Lipsky BA, Saint S, Gonzales R. Clinical problem-solving. Nothing to cough at--a 73-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a 4-day history of nonproductive cough that worsened at night. The New England journal of medicine 2007. PMID: 17914045


  109. Gonzales R, Auerbach A. Trainees, teams, and timely performance feedback. Journal of general internal medicine 2007. PMID: 17577605


  110. Gardner RL, Sarkar U, Maselli JH, Gonzales R. Factors associated with longer ED lengths of stay. Volume 25 of Issue 6. The American journal of emergency medicine 2007. PMID: 17606089


  111. Nolt BR, Gonzales R, Maselli J, Aagaard E, Camargo CA, Metlay JP. Vital-sign abnormalities as predictors of pneumonia in adults with acute cough illness. The American journal of emergency medicine 2007. PMID: 17606087


  112. Metlay JP, Camargo CA, MacKenzie T, McCulloch C, Maselli J, Levin SK, Kersey A, Gonzales R. Cluster-randomized trial to improve antibiotic use for adults with acute respiratory infections treated in emergency departments. Annals of emergency medicine 2007. PMID: 17509729


  113. Aspinall SL, Metlay JP, Maselli JH, Gonzales R. Impact of hospital formularies on fluoroquinolone prescribing in emergency departments. The American journal of managed care 2007. PMID: 17488189


  114. Vanderweil SG, Pelletier AJ, Hamedani AG, Gonzales R, Metlay JP, Camargo CA. Declining antibiotic prescriptions for upper respiratory infections, 1993-2004. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 2007. PMID: 17296803


  115. Schwarz EB, Reeves MF, Gerbert B, Gonzales R. Knowledge of and perceived access to emergency contraception at two urgent care clinics in California. Contraception 2007. PMID: 17303491


  116. Schwarz EB, Gerbert B, Gonzales R. Need for emergency contraception in urgent care settings. Contraception 2007. PMID: 17362707


  117. Leeman-Castillo BA, Corbett KK, Aagaard EM, Maselli JH, Gonzales R, Mackenzie TD. Acceptability of a bilingual interactive computerized educational module in a poor, medically underserved patient population. Journal of health communication 2007. PMID: 17365350


  118. Aagaard E, Maselli J, Gonzales R. Physician practice patterns: chest x-ray ordering for the evaluation of acute cough illness in adults. Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making 2006. PMID: 17099198


  119. Aagaard EM, Nadler P, Adler J, Maselli J, Gonzales R. An interactive computer kiosk module for the treatment of recurrent uncomplicated cystitis in women. Journal of general internal medicine 2006. PMID: 16879705


  120. Steinman MA, Ranji SR, Shojania KG, Gonzales R. Improving antibiotic selection: a systematic review and quantitative analysis of quality improvement strategies. Medical care 2006. PMID: 16799356


  121. Schwarz EB, Maselli J, Gonzales R. Contraceptive counseling of diabetic women of reproductive age. Obstetrics and gynecology 2006. PMID: 16648413


  122. Hart AM, Pepper GA, Gonzales R. Balancing acts: deciding for or against antibiotics in acute respiratory infections. The Journal of family practice 2006. PMID: 16608671


  123. Gonzales R, Camargo CA, MacKenzie T, Kersey AS, Maselli J, Levin SK, McCulloch CE, Metlay JP. Antibiotic treatment of acute respiratory infections in acute care settings. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 2006. PMID: 16514122


  124. Flanders SA, Dudas V, Kerr K, McCulloch CE, Gonzales R. Effectiveness of ceftriaxone plus doxycycline in the treatment of patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. Journal of hospital medicine 2006. PMID: 17219465


  125. Schwarz EB, Maselli J, Norton M, Gonzales R. Prescription of teratogenic medications in United States ambulatory practices. The American journal of medicine 2005. PMID: 16271908


  126. Tsui JI, Pletcher MJ, Vittinghoff E, Seal K, Gonzales R. Hepatitis C and hospital outcomes in patients admitted with alcohol-related problems. Journal of hepatology 2005. PMID: 16226823


  127. Stein J, Louie J, Flanders S, Maselli J, Hacker JK, Drew WL, Gonzales R. Performance characteristics of clinical diagnosis, a clinical decision rule, and a rapid influenza test in the detection of influenza infection in a community sample of adults. Annals of emergency medicine 2005. PMID: 16271670


  128. Louie JK, Hacker JK, Gonzales R, Mark J, Maselli JH, Yagi S, Drew WL. Characterization of viral agents causing acute respiratory infection in a San Francisco University Medical Center Clinic during the influenza season. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2005. PMID: 16107980


  129. Metlay JP, Camargo CA, Bos K, Gonzales R. Assessing the suitability of intervention sites for quality improvement studies in emergency departments. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 2005. PMID: 15995102


  130. MacDougall C, Guglielmo BJ, Maselli J, Gonzales R. Antimicrobial drug prescribing for pneumonia in ambulatory care. Volume 11 of Issue 3. Emerging infectious diseases 2005. PMID: 15757551


  131. Linder JA, Huang ES, Steinman MA, Gonzales R, Stafford RS. Fluoroquinolone prescribing in the United States: 1995 to 2002. The American journal of medicine 2005. PMID: 15745724


  132. Pletcher MJ, Fernandez A, May TA, Westphal JR, Gamez CA, Hersh DF, Gonzales R. Unintended consequences of a quality improvement program designed to improve treatment of alcohol withdrawal in hospitalized patients. Joint Commission journal on quality and patient safety 2005. PMID: 15828598


  133. Corbett KK, Gonzales R, Leeman-Castillo BA, Flores E, Maselli J, Kafadar K. Appropriate antibiotic use: variation in knowledge and awareness by Hispanic ethnicity and language. Preventive medicine 2005. PMID: 15533525


  134. Gonzales R, Corbett KK, Leeman-Castillo BA, Glazner J, Erbacher K, Darr CA, Wong S, Maselli JH, Sauaia A, Kafadar K. The "minimizing antibiotic resistance in Colorado" project: impact of patient education in improving antibiotic use in private office practices. Health services research 2005. PMID: 15663704


  135. Aagaard E, Gonzales R. Management of acute bronchitis in healthy adults. Infectious disease clinics of North America 2004. PMID: 15555832


  136. Pletcher MJ, Maselli J, Gonzales R. Uncomplicated alcohol intoxication in the emergency department: an analysis of the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. The American journal of medicine 2004. PMID: 15589492


  137. Gonzales R, Cooper RJ, Hoffman JR. Strategies to diagnose and treat group A streptococcal pharyngitis. JAMA 2004. PMID: 15249561


  138. Hall MC, Kieke B, Gonzales R, Belongia EA. Spectrum bias of a rapid antigen detection test for group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis in a pediatric population. Pediatrics 2004. PMID: 15231926


  139. Steinman MA, Sauaia A, Maselli JH, Houck PM, Gonzales R. Office evaluation and treatment of elderly patients with acute bronchitis. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2004. PMID: 15161449


  140. Flanders SA, Stein J, Shochat G, Sellers K, Holland M, Maselli J, Drew WL, Reingold AL, Gonzales R. Performance of a bedside C-reactive protein test in the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia in adults with acute cough. The American journal of medicine 2004. PMID: 15063814


  141. Gonzales R, Sauaia A, Corbett KK, Maselli JH, Erbacher K, Leeman-Castillo BA, Darr CA, Houck PM. Antibiotic treatment of acute respiratory tract infections in the elderly: effect of a multidimensional educational intervention. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2004. PMID: 14687313


  142. Nowbar S, Burkart KM, Gonzales R, Fedorowicz A, Gozansky WS, Gaudio JC, Taylor MR, Zwillich CW. Obesity-associated hypoventilation in hospitalized patients: prevalence, effects, and outcome. The American journal of medicine 2004. PMID: 14706658


  143. Gonzales R. A 65-year-old woman with acute cough illness and an important engagement. JAMA 2003. PMID: 12771117


  144. Harris RH, MacKenzie TD, Leeman-Castillo B, Corbett KK, Batal HA, Maselli JH, Gonzales R. Optimizing antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections in an urban urgent care clinic. Journal of general internal medicine 2003. PMID: 12795730


  145. Steinman MA, Gonzales R, Linder JA, Landefeld CS. Changing use of antibiotics in community-based outpatient practice, 1991-1999. Annals of internal medicine 2003. PMID: 12667022


  146. Steinman MA, Landefeld CS, Gonzales R. Predictors of broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections in adult primary care. JAMA 2003. PMID: 12585950


  147. Hoffman JR, Cooper RJ, Gonzales R. Choosing an optimal strategy to assess and treat adults with pharyngitis. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2003. PMID: 12522760


  148. O'Brien MM, Gonzales R, Shroyer AL, Grunwald GK, Daley J, Henderson WG, Khuri SF, Anderson RJ. Modest serum creatinine elevation affects adverse outcome after general surgery. Kidney international 2002. PMID: 12110022


  149. Oboler SK, Prochazka AV, Gonzales R, Xu S, Anderson RJ. Public expectations and attitudes for annual physical examinations and testing. Annals of internal medicine 2002. PMID: 11992300


  150. Hambidge SJ, Davidson AJ, Gonzales R, Steiner JF. Epidemiology of pediatric injury-related primary care office visits in the United States. Pediatrics 2002. PMID: 11927696


  151. Flanders S, Gonzales R. Antibiotic prescribing: can we make it easier? Journal of general internal medicine 2002. PMID: 11841532


  152. Gonzales R, Steiner JF, Maselli J, Lum A, Barrett PH. Impact of reducing antibiotic prescribing for acute bronchitis on patient satisfaction. Effective clinical practice : ECP 2001. PMID: 11434073