Eleanor Schwarz, MD, MS

Chief & Professor In Residence

Dr. Schwarz practices general internal medicine and conducts health services research with the goals of health promotion and harm reduction. She has a particular interest in health equity and identifying ways to meet the needs of women with chronic medical conditions and other underserved populations. Her research, which has been funded by PCORI, AHRQ, HRSA, FDA, NICHD, the Office of Population Affairs, and the Office of Adolescent Health, has produced over 200 peer-reviewed publications. An award-winning mentor, she has worked closely with multiple junior faculty on career development awards, as well as with a range of postdoctoral fellows, graduate and undergraduate students.

A proud product of California’s public school system, Dr. Schwarz received her undergraduate and master’s degrees from the University of California, Berkeley prior to receiving her medical degree from UCSF. She completed residency training in primary care internal medicine at UCSF, and a fellowship in women’s health and health services research at the San Francisco VA. Previously, Dr. Schwarz served as Medical Consultant for California’s Department of Health Care Services’ Office of Family Planning, Senior Medical Expert in Reproductive Health for the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, and a member of the FDA's Advisory Committee on Reproductive Health Drugs. Prior to returning to UCSF, Dr. Schwarz was tenured at the University of Pittsburgh and the University of California, Davis. Dr. Schwarz has served on the council of the Society of General Internal Medicine (SGIM) and as an Associate Editor of NEJM Journal Watch as well as the Journal of General Internal Medicine. Dr. Schwarz loves clinical teaching in both inpatient and primary care settings, encouraging consideration of the social determinants of health, and supporting the career development of the next generation of clinicians and scholars.

Education
01/2022 - Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Champion Training, University of California
12/2019 - Supporting Educational Excellence in Diversity, UC Davis
06/2005 - Women's Health Services Research, UC San Francisco
09/2002 - Primary Care Internal Medicine, UC San Francisco
MD, 06/1999 - Medicine, UC San Francisco
MS, 06/1997 - Health & Medical Sciences, UC Berkeley
Honors and Awards
  • Distinguished Professor in Women's Health, Society of General Internal Medicine, 2022-2023
Publications

  1. Begna H, Chiang AY, Schwarz EB. Development and validation of the Access to Contraceptive Care and Early Abortion Support Services (ACCESS) measure. Contraception 2025. PMID: 40780386


  2. Benson SK, Mahorter S, Zhao X, Schwarz EB, Borrero S, Callegari LS. Associations Between Contraceptive Counseling Quality and Contraceptive Use in a National Survey of Women Veterans. Journal of women's health (2002) 2025. PMID: 40675747


  3. Hargrave-Bouagnon AS, Begna H, Lipinsky DeGette R, Wistar E, Schwarz EB. Sex Differences in Management of Hypertension in US Ambulatory Practice. Journal of general internal medicine 2025. PMID: 40601192


  4. Chen MJ, Kair LR, Schwarz EB, Toland M, Rizzo J, Creinin MD, Chang JC. Postpartum Care Recommendations from Parents of Premature Infants Requiring Intensive Care. Maternal and child health journal 2025. PMID: 40293610


  5. Batur P, Brant A, McCourt C, Schwarz EB, with the assistance of Anitra Beasley; Jessica Atrio; and Danielle Gershon, Clinical Affairs Committee, and Neil A. Nero. Society of Family Planning Clinical Recommendation: Contraceptive considerations for individuals with cancer and cancer survivors part 2 - Breast, ovarian, uterine, and cervical cancer. Contraception 2025. PMID: 40190008


  6. Batur P, Brant A, McCourt C, Schwarz EB, with the assistance of Anitra Beasley; Jessica Atrio; and Danielle Gershon, on behalf of the Clinica. Society of Family Planning Clinical Recommendation: Contraceptive considerations for individuals with cancer and cancer survivors part 3 - Skin, blood, gastrointestinal, liver, lung, central nervous system, and other cancers: Joint with the Society of Gy Contraception 2025. PMID: 40328522


  7. Batur P, Brant A, McCourt C, Schwarz EB, with the assistance of Anitra Beasley; Jessica Atrio; and Danielle Gershon, on behalf of the Clinica. Society of Family Planning Committee Statement: Contraceptive considerations for individuals with cancer and cancer survivors part 1 - Key considerations for clinical care Joint with the Society of Gynecologic Oncology. Contraception 2025. PMID: 40210504


  8. Aranda JA, Hoyt-Austin AE, Okobi A, Fix M, Chen M, Schwarz EB. Breastfeeding Among First-Time Mothers Reporting Housing Insecurity and Food Insecurity. Journal of women's health (2002) 2025. PMID: 39831813


  9. Cameron NA, Begna H, Schwarz EB. Blood Pressure Monitoring and Knowledge in the First Year after a Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy. Journal of women's health (2002) 2024. PMID: 39648739


  10. Schwarz EB, Chiang AY, Lewis CA, Gariepy AM, Reeves MF. Pregnancy after Tubal Sterilization in the United States, 2002 to 2015. NEJM Evidence 2024. PMID: 39189861


  11. Grossman D, Raifman S, Morris N, Arena A, Bachrach L, Beaman J, Biggs MA, Collins A, Hannum C, Ho S, Seibold-Simpson SM, Sobota M, Tocce K, Schwarz EB, Gold M. Mail-Order Pharmacy Dispensing of Mifepristone for Medication Abortion After In-Person Screening. JAMA internal medicine 2024. PMID: 38739404


  12. Raifman S, Gurazada T, Beaman J, Biggs MA, Schwarz EB, Gold M, Grossman D. Primary care and abortion provider perspectives on mail-order medication abortion: a qualitative study. BMC women's health 2024. PMID: 38956609


  13. McClintock AH, Rusiecki J, Casas RS, Henrich JB, Schwarz EB, Kwolek DG, And the Sex and Gender Based Women’s Health Education EPA workgroup. Special Report: Entrustable Professional Activities in Sex- and Gender-Based Women's Health. Journal of general internal medicine 2024. PMID: 38858342


  14. Schwarz EB, Begna H. Optimizing Postpartum Cardiovascular Health. Journal of women's health (2002) 2024. PMID: 38527249


  15. Schwarz EB, Sobota M, Treder K. Travel Medicine. Annals of internal medicine 2024. PMID: 38498889


  16. Iwuagwu C, Chen MJ, Hoyt-Austin AE, Kair L, Fix M, Schwarz EB. Awareness of the Maternal Health Benefits of Lactation Among U.S. Pregnant Individuals. Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health 2024. PMID: 38302344


  17. Schwarz EB, Hoyt-Austin A, Fix M, Kair LR, Iwuagwu C, Chen MJ. Prenatal Counseling on the Maternal Health Benefits of Lactation: A Randomized Trial. Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 2024. PMID: 38190278


  18. Nivens C, Schwarz EB, Rodriguez R, Hoyt-Austin A. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Developmental Delay in Young US Children. Maternal and child health journal 2023. PMID: 38142261


  19. Chatterton B, Chen J, Schwarz EB, Karlin J. Primary Care Physicians' Perspectives on High-Quality Discharge Summaries. Journal of general internal medicine 2023. PMID: 38010464


  20. Kawamoto ST, Raza ZT, Diaz IP, Novaes J, Camacho K, Hargrave AS, Schwarz EB. Information on medication abortion provided by family planning clinics in California. Contraception 2023. PMID: 37683755


  21. Hoyt-Austin A, Chen MJ, Iwuagwu C, Brown SD, Fix M, Kair LR, Schwarz EB. Understanding of Lactational Amenorrhea As a Contraceptive Method Among U.S. Pregnant Women. Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 2023. PMID: 37578450


  22. Michener JL, Hirsh DA, Batur P, Casas RS, Gopinath V, Pace LE, Prifti C, Rusiecki J, Schwarz EB, Shankar M, Sobota M, Gomez Kwolek D. Credentialing Internal Medicine Physicians to Expand Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptive Access. Annals of internal medicine 2023. PMID: 37523694


  23. Schwarz EB, Gariepy A, Sonalkar S. Comparing IUC and Tubal Ligation. Journal of general internal medicine 2022. PMID: 36271169


  24. Casas RS, Horvath SK, Schwarz EB, Bachorik AE, Chuang CC. Managing Undesired Pregnancy After Dobbs. Journal of general internal medicine 2022. PMID: 36220947


  25. Azenkot T, Dove MS, Fan C, Valencia CV, Tong EK, Schwarz EB. Tobacco and Cannabis Use During and After Pregnancy in California. Maternal and child health journal 2022. PMID: 36192518


  26. Krans EE, Chen BA, Rothenberger SD, Bogen DL, Jones K, Turocy MJ, Klocke LC, Schwarz EB. Increasing access to immediate postpartum contraceptive implants: a prospective clinical trial among patients with opioid use disorder. The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception 2022. PMID: 36062524


  27. Hamilton AB, Schwarz EB, Thomas HN, Goldstein KM. Moving Women Veterans' Health Research Forward: a Special Supplement. Journal of general internal medicine 2022. PMID: 36042081


  28. Callegari LS, Mahorter SS, Benson SK, Zhao X, Schwarz EB, Borrero S. Perceived Contraceptive Counseling Quality Among Veterans Using VA Primary Care: Data from the ECUUN Study. Journal of general internal medicine 2022. PMID: 36042079


  29. Azenkot T, Schwarz EB. Special Considerations for Women of Reproductive Age on Anticoagulation. Journal of general internal medicine 2022. PMID: 35641728


  30. Gariepy AM, Lewis C, Zuckerman D, Tancredi DJ, Murphy E, McDonald-Mosley R, Sonalkar S, Hathaway M, Nunez-Eddy C, Schwarz EB. Comparative effectiveness of hysteroscopic and laparoscopic sterilization for women: a retrospective cohort study. Fertility and sterility 2022. PMID: 35428480


  31. Azenkot T, Chatterton B, Schwarz EB. Anticoagulant Prescriptions Provided in US Ambulatory Practice, 2014 to 2016. Journal of general internal medicine 2022. PMID: 35411531


  32. Hargrave AS, Ong A, Raza Z, Franco C, Castro AE, Nickols S, Schwarz EB. Opportunities for improving provision of emergency contraception in California. Contraception 2022. PMID: 35381258


  33. Gariepy AM, Lewis C, Zuckerman D, Tancredi DJ, Murphy E, McDonald-Mosley R, Sonalkar S, Hathaway M, Nunez-Eddy C, Schwarz EB. Patient-Centered Safety Outcomes After Hysteroscopic Compared With Laparoscopic Sterilization. Volume 139 of Issue 3. 2022. PMID: 35115444


  34. Schwarz EB, Chatterton B, Fix M, Tebb K, Rodriguez F, Tancredi DJ, Muriki M, Satterfield J. Remotely Educating Young Women About Alcohol: A Randomized Trial of the PartyWise Intervention. 2022. PMID: 35230177


  35. Schwarz EB, Lewis CA, Dove MS, Murphy E, Zuckerman D, Nunez-Eddy C, Tancredi DJ, McDonald-Mosley R, Sonalkar S, Hathaway M, Gariepy AM. Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Intrauterine Contraception and Tubal Ligation. 2022. PMID: 35194746


  36. Chatterton B, Agnoli A, Schwarz EB, Fenton JJ. Alcohol Screening During US Primary Care Visits, 2014-2016. 2022. PMID: 35048299


  37. Grossman D, Raifman S, Morris N, Arena A, Bachrach L, Beaman J, Biggs MA, Hannum C, Ho S, Schwarz EB, Gold M. Mail-order pharmacy dispensing of mifepristone for medication abortion after in-person clinical assessment. Contraception 2021. PMID: 34555420


  38. Tebb KP, Dehlendorf C, Rodriguez F, Fix M, Tancredi DJ, Reed R, Brindis CD, Schwarz EB. Promoting Teen-to-Teen Contraceptive Communication with the SpeakOut Intervention, a Cluster Randomized Trial. Contraception 2021. PMID: 34520728


  39. Glaser K, Fix M, Karlin J, Schwarz EB. Awareness of the option of IUC self-removal among US adolescents. Volume 104 of Issue 5. 2021. PMID: 34216592


  40. Murray Horwitz ME, Pace LE, Schwarz EB, Ross-Degnan D. Use of contraception before and after a diabetes diagnosis: An observational matched cohort study. Volume 15 of Issue 4. 2021. PMID: 33744164


  41. Barney A, Rodriguez F, Schwarz EB, Reed R, Tancredi D, Brindis CD, Dehlendorf C, Tebb KP. Adapting to Changes in Teen Pregnancy Prevention Research: Social Media as an Expedited Recruitment Strategy. The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine 2021. PMID: 33632643


  42. Hoyt-Austin A, Dove MS, Abrahão R, Kair LR, Schwarz EB. Awareness That Breastfeeding Reduces Breast Cancer Risk: 2015-2017 National Survey of Family Growth. Volume 136 of Issue 6. 2020. PMID: 33156184


  43. Beaman J, Prifti C, Schwarz EB, Sobota M. Medication to Manage Abortion and Miscarriage. Journal of general internal medicine 2020. PMID: 32410127


  44. Ralph LJ, Schwarz EB, Grossman D, Foster DG. Physical Health of Women After Seeking Abortion Services. Volume 172 of Issue 2. 2020. PMID: 31958829


  45. Jain T, Schwarz EB, Mehrotra A. A Study of Telecontraception. Volume 381 of Issue 13. 2019. PMID: 31553843


  46. Ralph LJ, Schwarz EB, Grossman D, Foster DG. Self-reported Physical Health of Women Who Did and Did Not Terminate Pregnancy After Seeking Abortion Services: A Cohort Study. Volume 171 of Issue 4. 2019. PMID: 31181576


  47. Morain S, Schoen L, Marty M, Schwarz EB. Parental Leave, Lactation, and Childcare Policies at Top US Schools of Public Health. Volume 109 of Issue 5. 2019. PMID: 30896996


  48. Countouris ME, Demirci JR, Jeyabalan A, Catov JM, Schwarz EB. Relationship of Postpartum Levels of Cystatin and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Duration of Lactation in Mothers with Previous Gestational Hypertension or Preeclampsia. Volume 14 of Issue 6. 2019. PMID: 30874448


  49. Kaslow AA, Romano PS, Schwarz E, Shaikh U, Tong EK. Building and Scaling-up California Quits: Supporting Health Systems Change for Tobacco Treatment. Volume 55 of Issue 6 Suppl 2. 2018. PMID: 30454676


  50. Hauspurg A, Countouris ME, Jeyabalan A, Hubel CA, Roberts JM, Schwarz EB, Catov JM. Risk of hypertension and abnormal biomarkers in the first year postpartum associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among overweight and obese women. Volume 15. 2018. PMID: 30825904


  51. Early DR, Dove MS, Thiel de Bocanegra H, Schwarz EB. Publicly Funded Family Planning: Lessons From California, Before And After The ACA's Medicaid Expansion. Volume 37 of Issue 9. 2018. PMID: 30179554


  52. Jaime MC, Yakzan A, Lewis C, Schwarz EB. Abortion and student health services expanding the conversation with student perspectives. Volume 98 of Issue 4. 2018. PMID: 29860062


  53. Schwarz EB, Foster DG, Grossman D. Contemporary Hormonal Contraception and the Risk of Breast Cancer. Volume 378 of Issue 13. 2018. PMID: 29595926


  54. Lisbet S. Lundsberg, Eleanor B. Schwarz, Nicole A. Vilardo, Kimberly A. Yonkers, Aileen M. Gariepy. Clinical Validation of PROMIS Global Short Form in Pregnancy 2018. PMID:


  55. Bellows BK, Tak CR, Sanders JN, Turok DK, Schwarz EB. Cost-effectiveness of emergency contraception options over 1 year. Volume 218 of Issue 5. 2018. PMID: 29409847


  56. Birru Talabi M, Clowse MEB, Schwarz EB, Callegari LS, Moreland L, Borrero S. Family Planning Counseling for Women With Rheumatic Diseases. Volume 70 of Issue 2. 2018. PMID: 28437837


  57. Schwarz EB, Sileanu FE, Zhao X, Mor MK, Callegari LS, Borrero S. Induced abortion among women veterans: data from the ECUUN study. Volume 97 of Issue 1. 2017. PMID: 29055781


  58. Stuebe AM, Jegier BJ, Schwarz EB, Green BD, Reinhold AG, Colaizy TT, Bogen DL, Schaefer AJ, Jegier JT, Green NS, Bartick MC. An Online Calculator to Estimate the Impact of Changes in Breastfeeding Rates on Population Health and Costs. Volume 12 of Issue 10. 2017. PMID: 28906133


  59. Schwarz EB, Braughton MY, Riedel JC, Cohen S, Logan J, Howell M, Thiel de Bocanegra H. Postpartum care and contraception provided to women with gestational and preconception diabetes in California's Medicaid program. Volume 96 of Issue 6. 2017. PMID: 28844877


  60. Lundsberg LS, Xu X, Schwarz EB, Gariepy AM. Measuring health utility in varying pregnancy contexts among a diverse cohort of pregnant women. Volume 96 of Issue 6. 2017. PMID: 28823842


  61. Lee JK, Schwarz EB. The safety of available and emerging options for emergency contraception. Volume 16 of Issue 10. 2017. PMID: 28730840


  62. Parker EC, Kong K, Watts LA, Schwarz EB, Darney PD, Thiel de Bocanegra H. Visits to Registered Nurses: An Opportunity to Increase Contraceptive Access in California. Volume 66 of Issue 4. 2017. PMID: 28604507


  63. O'Brien SH, Vesely SK, Schwarz EB. Response to Comment on O'Brien et al. Hormonal Contraception and Risk of Thromboembolism in Women With Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2017;40:233-238. Volume 40 of Issue 5. 2017. PMID: 28428328


  64. Borrero S, Callegari LS, Zhao X, Mor MK, Sileanu FE, Switzer G, Zickmund S, Washington DL, Zephyrin LC, Schwarz EB. Unintended Pregnancy and Contraceptive Use Among Women Veterans: The ECUUN Study. Volume 32 of Issue 8. 2017. PMID: 28432564


  65. Rosenfeld E, Callegari LS, Sileanu FE, Zhao X, Schwarz EB, Mor MK, Borrero S. Racial and ethnic disparities in contraceptive knowledge among women veterans in the ECUUN study. Volume 96 of Issue 1. 2017. PMID: 28322769


  66. Thiel de Bocanegra H, Braughton M, Bradsberry M, Howell M, Logan J, Schwarz EB. Racial and ethnic disparities in postpartum care and contraception in California's Medicaid program. Volume 217 of Issue 1. 2017. PMID: 28263752


  67. Gariepy A, Lundsberg LS, Vilardo N, Stanwood N, Yonkers K, Schwarz EB. Pregnancy context and women's health-related quality of life. Volume 95 of Issue 5. 2017. PMID: 28188745


  68. Ross-Cowdery M, Lewis CA, Papic M, Corbelli J, Schwarz EB. Counseling About the Maternal Health Benefits of Breastfeeding and Mothers' Intentions to Breastfeed. Volume 21 of Issue 2. 2017. PMID: 27443655


  69. Callegari LS, Zhao X, Schwarz EB, Rosenfeld E, Mor MK, Borrero S. Racial/ethnic differences in contraceptive preferences, beliefs, and self-efficacy among women veterans. Volume 216 of Issue 5. 2017. PMID: 28063910


  70. Batur P, Schwarz EB, Walsh JM, Johnson KM. Women's health 2016: An update for internists. Volume 83 of Issue 12. 2016. PMID: 27938517


  71. O'Brien SH, Koch T, Vesely SK, Schwarz EB. Hormonal Contraception and Risk of Thromboembolism in Women With Diabetes. Volume 40 of Issue 2. 2016. PMID: 27899496


  72. Bartick MC, Jegier BJ, Green BD, Schwarz EB, Reinhold AG, Stuebe AM. Disparities in Breastfeeding: Impact on Maternal and Child Health Outcomes and Costs. Volume 181. 2016. PMID: 27837954


  73. Bartick MC, Schwarz EB, Green BD, Jegier BJ, Reinhold AG, Colaizy TT, Bogen DL, Schaefer AJ, Stuebe AM. Suboptimal breastfeeding in the United States: Maternal and pediatric health outcomes and costs. Volume 13 of Issue 1. 2016. PMID: 27647492


  74. Rapkin RB, Achilles SL, Schwarz EB, Meyn L, Cremer M, Boraas CM, Chen BA. Self-Administered Lidocaine Gel for Intrauterine Device Insertion in Nulliparous Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Volume 128 of Issue 3. 2016. PMID: 27500351


  75. Sanders JN, Howell L, Saltzman HM, Schwarz EB, Thompson IS, Turok DK. Unprotected intercourse in the 2 weeks prior to requesting emergency intrauterine contraception. Volume 215 of Issue 5. 2016. PMID: 27349294


  76. Colaizy TT, Bartick MC, Jegier BJ, Green BD, Reinhold AG, Schaefer AJ, Bogen DL, Schwarz EB, Stuebe AM, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Ne. Impact of Optimized Breastfeeding on the Costs of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Extremely Low Birthweight Infants. Volume 175. 2016. PMID: 27131403


  77. Countouris ME, Schwarz EB, Rossiter BC, Althouse AD, Berlacher KL, Jeyabalan A, Catov JM. Effects of lactation on postpartum blood pressure among women with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Volume 215 of Issue 2. 2016. PMID: 26945604


  78. Krans EE, Zickmund SL, Rustgi VK, Park SY, Dunn SL, Schwarz EB. Screening and evaluation of hepatitis C virus infection in pregnant women on opioid maintenance therapy: A retrospective cohort study. Volume 37 of Issue 1. 2015. PMID: 26569631


  79. Gerdts C, Dobkin L, Foster DG, Schwarz EB. Side Effects, Physical Health Consequences, and Mortality Associated with Abortion and Birth after an Unwanted Pregnancy. Volume 26 of Issue 1. 2015. PMID: 26576470


  80. Gariepy AM, Xu X, Creinin MD, Schwarz EB, Smith KJ. Hysteroscopic Essure Inserts for Permanent Contraception: Extended Follow-Up Results of a Phase III Multicenter International Study. Volume 23 of Issue 1. 2015. PMID: 26260301


  81. Pierson JC, Ferris LK, Schwarz EB. We Pledge to Change iPLEDGE. Volume 151 of Issue 7. 2015. PMID: 25853235


  82. Schwarz EB. Invited Commentary: Breastfeeding and Maternal Cardiovascular Health--Weighing the Evidence. Volume 181 of Issue 12. 2015. PMID: 25944888


  83. Schwarz EB, Nothnagle M. The maternal health benefits of breastfeeding. Volume 91 of Issue 9. 2015. PMID: 25955734


  84. Grady CD, Dehlendorf C, Cohen ED, Schwarz EB, Borrero S. Racial and ethnic differences in contraceptive use among women who desire no future children, 2006-2010 National Survey of Family Growth. Volume 92 of Issue 1. Contraception 2015. PMID: 25863228


  85. Werner CA, Papic MJ, Ferris LK, Schwarz EB. Promoting safe use of isotretinoin by increasing contraceptive knowledge. Volume 151 of Issue 4. 2015. PMID: 25650743


  86. Callegari LS, Ma EW, Schwarz EB. Preconception care and reproductive planning in primary care. Volume 99 of Issue 3. 2015. PMID: 25841606


  87. Nikolajski C, Miller E, McCauley HL, Akers A, Schwarz EB, Freedman L, Steinberg J, Ibrahim S, Borrero S. Race and reproductive coercion: a qualitative assessment. Volume 25 of Issue 3. 2015. PMID: 25748823


  88. Schwarz EB. Capsule commentary on Gerber et al., hormone therapy use in women veterans accessing veterans health administration care: a national cross-sectional study. Volume 30 of Issue 2. 2015. PMID: 25387441


  89. Papic M, Wang N, Parisi SM, Baldauf E, Updike G, Schwarz EB. Same-day intrauterine device placement is rarely complicated by pelvic infection. Volume 25 of Issue 1. 2014. PMID: 25445666


  90. Lee J, Papic M, Baldauf E, Updike G, Schwarz EB. A checklist approach to caring for women seeking pregnancy testing: effects on contraceptive knowledge and use. Volume 91 of Issue 2. 2014. PMID: 25492313


  91. Borrero S, Nikolajski C, Steinberg JR, Freedman L, Akers AY, Ibrahim S, Schwarz EB. "It just happens": a qualitative study exploring low-income women's perspectives on pregnancy intention and planning. Volume 91 of Issue 2. 2014. PMID: 25477272


  92. Corbelli J, Bimla Schwarz E. Emergency contraception: a review. Volume 66 of Issue 6. 2014. PMID: 25313947


  93. Jarlenski M, McManus J, Diener-West M, Schwarz EB, Yeung E, Bennett WL. Association between support from a health professional and breastfeeding knowledge and practices among obese women: evidence from the Infant Practices Study II. Volume 24 of Issue 6. 2014. PMID: 25239780


  94. Katon J, Mattocks K, Zephyrin L, Reiber G, Yano EM, Callegari L, Schwarz EB, Goulet J, Shaw J, Brandt C, Haskell S. Gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among women veterans deployed in service of operations in Afghanistan and Iraq. Volume 23 of Issue 10. 2014. PMID: 25090022


  95. Callegari LS, Nelson KM, Arterburn DE, Prager SW, Schiff MA, Schwarz EB. Factors associated with lack of effective contraception among obese women in the United States. Volume 90 of Issue 3. 2014. PMID: 24950888


  96. Goyal V, Mattocks K, Bimla Schwarz E, Borrero S, Skanderson M, Zephyrin L, Brandt C, Haskell S. Contraceptive provision in the VA healthcare system to women who report military sexual trauma. Volume 23 of Issue 9. 2014. PMID: 24787680


  97. Werner CA, Papic MJ, Ferris LK, Lee JK, Borrero S, Prevost N, Schwarz EB. Women's experiences with isotretinoin risk reduction counseling. Volume 150 of Issue 4. 2014. PMID: 24258663


  98. Schwarz EB, Papic M, Parisi SM, Baldauf E, Rapkin R, Updike G. Routine counseling about intrauterine contraception for women seeking emergency contraception. Volume 90 of Issue 1. 2014. PMID: 24674042


  99. Foster DG, Grossman D, Turok DK, Peipert JF, Prine L, Schreiber CA, Jackson AV, Barar RE, Schwarz EB. Interest in and experience with IUD self-removal. Volume 90 of Issue 1. 2014. PMID: 24613370


  100. Rachel B. Rapkin, Eleanor Bimla Schwarz. Emergency Contraception 2014. PMID:


  101. Singh M, Baadh AS. A cardiovascular cause of hematemesis. Volume 30 of Issue 2. 2013. PMID: 24202402


  102. Collins MK, Moreau JF, Opel D, Swan J, Prevost N, Hastings M, Bimla Schwarz E, Korb Ferris L. Compliance with pregnancy prevention measures during isotretinoin therapy. Volume 70 of Issue 1. 2013. PMID: 24157382


  103. Schwarz EB. Infant feeding in America: enough to break a mother's heart? Volume 8 of Issue 5. 2013. PMID: 24112066


  104. Gelman A, Miller E, Schwarz EB, Akers AY, Jeong K, Borrero S. Racial disparities in human papillomavirus vaccination: does access matter? Volume 53 of Issue 6. 2013. PMID: 23992645


  105. Schwarz EB, Parisi SM, Handler SM, Koren G, Shevchik G, Fischer GS. Counseling about medication-induced birth defects with clinical decision support in primary care. Volume 22 of Issue 10. 2013. PMID: 23930947


  106. Bartick MC, Stuebe AM, Schwarz EB, Luongo C, Reinhold AG, Foster EM. Cost analysis of maternal disease associated with suboptimal breastfeeding. Volume 122 of Issue 1. 2013. PMID: 23743465


  107. Schwarz EB, Mattocks K, Brandt C, Borrero S, Zephyrin LC, Bathulapalli H, Haskell S. Counseling of female veterans about risks of medication-induced birth defects. Volume 28 Suppl 2. 2013. PMID: 23807071


  108. Grady CD, Schwarz EB, Emeremni CA, Yabes J, Akers A, Zite N, Borrero S. Does a history of unintended pregnancy lessen the likelihood of desire for sterilization reversal? Volume 22 of Issue 6. 2013. PMID: 23621776


  109. Borrero S, Zhao X, Mor MK, Schwarz EB, Good CB, Gellad WF. Adherence to hormonal contraception among women veterans: differences by race/ethnicity and contraceptive supply. Volume 209 of Issue 2. 2013. PMID: 23524170


  110. Callegari LS, Parisi SM, Schwarz EB. Perceptions of intrauterine contraception among women seeking primary care. Volume 88 of Issue 2. 2013. PMID: 23521810


  111. Foster DG, Biggs MA, Grossman D, Schwarz EB. Interest in a pericoital pill among women in family planning and abortion clinics. Volume 88 of Issue 1. 2013. PMID: 23507170


  112. Lee JK, Parisi SM, Schwarz EB. Contraceptive Counseling and Use among Women with Poorer Health. Volume 2 of Issue 1. 2013. PMID: 24971372


  113. Lee JK, Parisi SM, Baldauf E, Rapkin RB, Updike GM, Schwarz EB. Asking for what she needs? Pregnancy testing or EC? Volume 87 of Issue 6. 2012. PMID: 23218857


  114. Goyal V, Borrero S, Schwarz EB. Reply: To PMID 23200716. Volume 208 of Issue 4. 2012. PMID: 23200708


  115. Krans EE, Davis MM, Schwarz EB. Psychosocial risk, prenatal counseling and maternal behavior: findings from PRAMS, 2004-2008. Volume 208 of Issue 2. 2012. PMID: 23159699


  116. Schwarz EB, Parisi SM, Williams SL, Shevchik GJ, Hess R. Promoting safe prescribing in primary care with a contraceptive vital sign: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Volume 10 of Issue 6. 2012. PMID: 23149528


  117. Russo JA, Parisi SM, Kukla K, Schwarz EB. Women's information-seeking behavior after receiving contraceptive versus noncontraceptive prescriptions. Volume 87 of Issue 6. 2012. PMID: 23121825


  118. Schwarz EB, Burch EJ, Parisi SM, Tebb KP, Grossman D, Mehrotra A, Gonzales R. Computer-assisted provision of hormonal contraception in acute care settings. Contraception 2012. PMID: 22921686


  119. Pace LE, Schwarz EB. Balancing act: safe and evidence-based prescribing for women of reproductive age. Volume 8 of Issue 4. 2012. PMID: 22757732


  120. Schwarz EB, Parisi SM, Handler SM, Koren G, Cohen ED, Shevchik GJ, Fischer GS. Clinical decision support to promote safe prescribing to women of reproductive age: a cluster-randomized trial. Volume 27 of Issue 7. 2012. PMID: 22297687


  121. Patel A, Schwarz EB, Society of Family Planning. Cancer and contraception. Release date May 2012. SFP Guideline #20121. Volume 86 of Issue 3. 2012. PMID: 22682881


  122. Hall KS, Trussell J, Schwarz EB. Progestin-only contraceptive pill use among women in the United States. Volume 86 of Issue 6. 2012. PMID: 22682722


  123. McClure CK, Catov JM, Ness RB, Schwarz EB. Lactation and maternal subclinical cardiovascular disease among premenopausal women. Volume 207 of Issue 1. 2012. PMID: 22727348


  124. Westley E, Schwarz EB. Emergency contraception: global challenges, new opportunities. Volume 85 of Issue 5. 2012. PMID: 22386230


  125. McClure CK, Catov J, Ness R, Schwarz EB. Maternal visceral adiposity by consistency of lactation. Volume 16 of Issue 2. 2012. PMID: 21404071


  126. Chuang CH, Martenis ME, Parisi SM, Delano RE, Sobota M, Nothnagle M, Schwarz EB. Contraception and abortion coverage: What do primary care physicians think? Volume 86 of Issue 2. 2012. PMID: 22240175


  127. Pace LE, Cohen L, Schwarz EB. Contraception in primary care--embracing the Institute of Medicine challenge. Volume 365 of Issue 25. 2011. PMID: 22188002


  128. Parisi SM, Zikovich S, Chuang CH, Sobota M, Nothnagle M, Schwarz EB. Primary care physicians' perceptions of rates of unintended pregnancy. Volume 86 of Issue 1. 2011. PMID: 22176791


  129. Goyal V, Borrero S, Schwarz EB. Unintended pregnancy and contraception among active-duty servicewomen and veterans. Volume 206 of Issue 6. 2011. PMID: 22200252


  130. Walsh JM, McNamara M, Miller RG, Schwarz EB. Update in women's health for the general internist. Journal of general internal medicine 2011. PMID: 21993997


  131. Stuebe AM, Schwarz EB, Grewen K, Rich-Edwards JW, Michels KB, Foster EM, Curhan G, Forman J. Duration of lactation and incidence of maternal hypertension: a longitudinal cohort study. Volume 174 of Issue 10. 2011. PMID: 21997568


  132. Williams SL, Parisi SM, Hess R, Schwarz EB. Associations between recent contraceptive use and quality of life among women. Volume 85 of Issue 3. 2011. PMID: 22067760


  133. Schwarz EB, Postlethwaite D, Hung YY, Lantzman E, Armstrong MA, Horberg MA. Provision of contraceptive services to women with diabetes mellitus. Volume 27 of Issue 2. 2011. PMID: 21922154


  134. Foster DG, Karasek D, Grossman D, Darney P, Schwarz EB. Interest in using intrauterine contraception when the option of self-removal is provided. Volume 85 of Issue 3. 2011. PMID: 22067772


  135. Gariepy AM, Simon EJ, Patel DA, Creinin MD, Schwarz EB. The impact of out-of-pocket expense on IUD utilization among women with private insurance. Volume 84 of Issue 6. 2011. PMID: 22078204


  136. Gariepy AM, Creinin MD, Schwarz EB, Smith KJ. Reliability of laparoscopic compared with hysteroscopic sterilization at 1 year: a decision analysis. Volume 118 of Issue 2 Pt 1. 2011. PMID: 21775842


  137. Jessica K. Lee, Sara M. Parisi, Aletha Y. Akers, Sonya Borrero, Eleanor Bimla Schwarz. Erratum to: The Impact of Contraceptive Counseling in Primary Care on Contraceptive Use 2011. PMID:


  138. Lee JK, Parisi SM, Akers AY, Borrero S, Borrerro S, Schwarz EB. The impact of contraceptive counseling in primary care on contraceptive use. Volume 26 of Issue 7. 2011. PMID: 21301983


  139. McClure CK, Schwarz EB, Conroy MB, Tepper PG, Janssen I, Sutton-Tyrrell KC. Breastfeeding and subsequent maternal visceral adiposity. Volume 19 of Issue 11. 2011. PMID: 21720436


  140. Behringer T, Reeves MF, Rossiter B, Chen BA, Schwarz EB. Duration of use of a levonorgestrel IUS amongst nulliparous and adolescent women. Volume 84 of Issue 5. 2011. PMID: 22018136


  141. Gelman A, Nikolajski C, Schwarz EB, Borrero S. Racial disparities in awareness of the human papillomavirus. Volume 20 of Issue 8. 2011. PMID: 21668381


  142. Rubin AG, Gold MA, Kim Y, Schwarz EB. Use of emergency contraception by US teens: effect of access on promptness of use and satisfaction. Volume 24 of Issue 5. 2011. PMID: 21600808


  143. Chen BA, Reeves MF, Creinin MD, Schwarz EB. Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration. Volume 84 of Issue 5. 2011. PMID: 22018124


  144. Kavanaugh ML, Williams SL, Schwarz EB. Emergency contraception use and counseling after changes in United States prescription status. Volume 95 of Issue 8. 2011. PMID: 21457957


  145. O'Brien SH, Klima J, Reed S, Chisolm D, Schwarz EB, Kelleher KJ. Hormonal contraception use and pregnancy in adolescents with sickle cell disease: analysis of Michigan Medicaid claims. Volume 83 of Issue 2. 2011. PMID: 21237338


  146. Behringer T, Rollman BL, Herbeck-Belnap B, Houck PR, Mazumdar S, Schwarz EB. Impact of physician counseling and perception of teratogenic risks: a survey of 96 nonpregnant women with anxiety. Volume 13 of Issue 2. 2011. PMID: 21977355


  147. Yazdany J, Trupin L, Kaiser R, Schmajuk G, Gillis JZ, Chakravarty E, Schwarz EB. Contraceptive counseling and use among women with systemic lupus erythematosus: a gap in health care quality? Volume 63 of Issue 3. Arthritis care & research 2010. PMID: 21080446


  148. Schwarz EB, McNamara M, Miller RG, Walsh JM. Update in women's health for the general internist. Volume 26 of Issue 2. 2010. PMID: 20824360


  149. Akers AY, Schwarz EB, Borrero S, Corbie-Smith G. Family discussions about contraception and family planning: a qualitative exploration of black parent and adolescent perspectives. Volume 42 of Issue 3. 2010. PMID: 20887285


  150. Schwarz EB, Brown JS, Creasman JM, Stuebe A, McClure CK, Van Den Eeden SK, Thom D. Lactation and maternal risk of type 2 diabetes: a population-based study. Volume 123 of Issue 9. 2010. PMID: 20800156


  151. Schwarz EB, Longo LS, Zhao X, Stone RA, Cunningham F, Good CB. Provision of potentially teratogenic medications to female veterans of childbearing age. Volume 48 of Issue 9. 2010. PMID: 20706159


  152. Borrero S, Abebe K, Dehlendorf C, Schwarz EB, Creinin MD, Nikolajski C, Ibrahim S. Racial variation in tubal sterilization rates: role of patient-level factors. Volume 95 of Issue 1. Fertility and sterility 2010. PMID: 20579640


  153. Akers AY, Gold MA, Borrero S, Santucci A, Schwarz EB. Providers' perspectives on challenges to contraceptive counseling in primary care settings. Volume 19 of Issue 6. 2010. PMID: 20420508


  154. Godfrey EM, Wheat SG, Cyrier R, Wong W, Trussell J, Schwarz EB. Contraceptive needs of women seeking care from a publicly funded sexually transmitted infection clinic. Volume 82 of Issue 6. 2010. PMID: 21074018


  155. Schwarz EB, Sobota M, Charron-Prochownik D. Perceived access to contraception among adolescents with diabetes: barriers to preventing pregnancy complications. Volume 36 of Issue 3. 2010. PMID: 20332282


  156. Trussell J, Schwarz EB, Guthrie K. Research priorities for preventing unintended pregnancy: moving beyond emergency contraceptive pills. Volume 42 of Issue 1. 2010. PMID: 20415877


  157. Schwarz EB, McClure CK, Tepper PG, Thurston R, Janssen I, Matthews KA, Sutton-Tyrrell K. Lactation and maternal measures of subclinical cardiovascular disease. Volume 115 of Issue 1. 2010. PMID: 20027032


  158. Santucci AK, Gold MA, Akers AY, Borrero S, Schwarz EB. Women's perspectives on counseling about risks for medication-induced birth defects. Volume 88 of Issue 1. 2010. PMID: 19637252


  159. Borrero S, Moore CG, Qin L, Schwarz EB, Akers A, Creinin MD, Ibrahim SA. Unintended pregnancy influences racial disparity in tubal sterilization rates. Volume 25 of Issue 2. 2009. PMID: 19967463


  160. Kavanaugh ML, Schwarz EB. Prospective assessment of pregnancy intentions using a single- versus a multi-item measure. Volume 41 of Issue 4. 2009. PMID: 20444179


  161. Schwarz EB, Hess R, Trussell J. Contraception for cancer survivors. Volume 24 Suppl 2. 2009. PMID: 19838839


  162. Schwarz EB, Santucci A, Borrero S, Akers AY, Nikolajski C, Gold MA. Perspectives of primary care clinicians on teratogenic risk counseling. Volume 85 of Issue 10. 2009. PMID: 19591115


  163. Stuebe AM, Schwarz EB. The risks and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children. Volume 30 of Issue 3. 2009. PMID: 19609306


  164. Schwarz EB, Ray RM, Stuebe AM, Allison MA, Ness RB, Freiberg MS, Cauley JA. Duration of lactation and risk factors for maternal cardiovascular disease. Volume 113 of Issue 5. 2009. PMID: 19384111


  165. Schwarz EB, Kavanaugh M, Douglas E, Dubowitz T, Creinin MD. Interest in intrauterine contraception among seekers of emergency contraception and pregnancy testing. Volume 113 of Issue 4. 2009. PMID: 19305327


  166. Chuang CH, Weisman CS, Hillemeier MM, Schwarz EB, Camacho FT, Dyer AM. Pregnancy intention and health behaviors: results from the Central Pennsylvania Women's Health Study cohort. Volume 14 of Issue 4. 2009. PMID: 19214724


  167. Trussell J, Schwarz EB, Guthrie K. Obesity and oral contraceptive pill failure. Volume 79 of Issue 5. 2009. PMID: 19341843


  168. Lohr PA, Schwarz EB, Gladstein JE, Nelson AL. Provision of contraceptive counseling by internal medicine residents. Volume 18 of Issue 1. 2009. PMID: 19072725


  169. Borrero S, Schwarz EB, Creinin M, Ibrahim S. The impact of race and ethnicity on receipt of family planning services in the United States. Volume 18 of Issue 1. 2009. PMID: 19072728


  170. Schwarz EB, Sobota M, Gonzales R, Gerbert B. Computerized counseling for folate knowledge and use: a randomized controlled trial. American journal of preventive medicine 2008. PMID: 19000845


  171. Cheng D, Schwarz EB, Douglas E, Horon I. Unintended pregnancy and associated maternal preconception, prenatal and postpartum behaviors. Volume 79 of Issue 3. 2008. PMID: 19185672


  172. Trussell J, Schwarz EB, Guthrie K, Raymond E. No such thing as an easy (or EC) fix. Volume 78 of Issue 5. 2008. PMID: 18929729


  173. Primack BA, Gold MA, Schwarz EB, Dalton MA. Degrading and non-degrading sex in popular music: a content analysis. Volume 123 of Issue 5. 2008. PMID: 18828414


  174. Schwarz EB, Smith R, Steinauer J, Reeves MF, Caughey AB. Measuring the effects of unintended pregnancy on women's quality of life. Volume 78 of Issue 3. 2008. PMID: 18692610


  175. Schwarz EB, Manzi S. Risk of unintended pregnancy among women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Volume 59 of Issue 6. 2008. PMID: 18512717


  176. Kavanaugh ML, Schwarz EB. Counseling about and use of emergency contraception in the United States. Volume 40 of Issue 2. 2008. PMID: 18577140


  177. Sobota M, Warkol R, Gold M, Milan F, Schwarz EB, Arnsten JH, Kunins HV. An intervention to improve advance emergency contraceptive prescribing practices among academic primary care physicians. Volume 78 of Issue 2. 2008. PMID: 18672114


  178. Schwarz EB, Gerbert B, Gonzales R. Computer-assisted provision of emergency contraception a randomized controlled trial. Journal of general internal medicine 2008. PMID: 18398664


  179. Borrero S, Schwarz EB, Reeves MF, Bost JE, Creinin MD, Ibrahim SA. Does vasectomy explain the difference in tubal sterilization rates between black and white women? Volume 91 of Issue 5. 2008. PMID: 18394618


  180. Trussell J, Guthrie KA, Schwarz EB. Much ado about little: obesity, combined hormonal contraceptive use and venous thrombosis. Volume 77 of Issue 3. 2008. PMID: 18279682


  181. Murphy PA, Schwarz EB, Dyer JM. Cervical cancer screening practices of certified nurse-midwives in the United States. Volume 53 of Issue 1. 2008. PMID: 18164429


  182. Schwarz EB, Moretti ME, Nayak S, Koren G. Risk of hypospadias in offspring of women using loratadine during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Volume 31 of Issue 9. 2008. PMID: 18707192


  183. Raymond EG, Liku J, Schwarz EB. Feasibility of recruitment for an efficacy trial of emergency contraceptive pills. Volume 77 of Issue 2. 2007. PMID: 18226676


  184. Borrero SB, Reeves MF, Schwarz EB, Bost JE, Creinin MD, Ibrahim SA. Race, insurance status, and desire for tubal sterilization reversal. Volume 90 of Issue 2. 2007. PMID: 17880952


  185. Schwarz EB, Postlethwaite DA, Hung YY, Armstrong MA. Documentation of contraception and pregnancy when prescribing potentially teratogenic medications for reproductive-age women. Volume 147 of Issue 6. 2007. PMID: 17876020


  186. Schwarz EB, Lohr PA, Gold MA, Gerbert B. Prevalence and correlates of ambivalence towards pregnancy among nonpregnant women. Volume 75 of Issue 4. 2007. PMID: 17362711


  187. Schwarz EB, Reeves MF, Gerbert B, Gonzales R. Knowledge of and perceived access to emergency contraception at two urgent care clinics in California. Contraception 2007. PMID: 17303491


  188. Schwarz EB, Gerbert B, Gonzales R. Need for emergency contraception in urgent care settings. Contraception 2007. PMID: 17362707


  189. Rocca CH, Schwarz EB, Stewart FH, Darney PD, Raine TR, Harper CC. Beyond access: acceptability, use and nonuse of emergency contraception among young women. Volume 196 of Issue 1. 2007. PMID: 17240221


  190. Borrero S, Schwarz EB, Reeves MF, Bost JE, Creinin MD, Ibrahim SA. Race, insurance status, and tubal sterilization. Volume 109 of Issue 1. 2007. PMID: 17197593


  191. Schwarz EB, Maselli J, Gonzales R. Contraceptive counseling of diabetic women of reproductive age. Obstetrics and gynecology 2006. PMID: 16648413


  192. Schwarz EB, Lohr PA. Oral contraceptives in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Volume 354 of Issue 11. 2006. PMID: 16540625


  193. Schwarz EB, Maselli J, Norton M, Gonzales R. Prescription of teratogenic medications in United States ambulatory practices. The American journal of medicine 2005. PMID: 16271908


  194. Schwarz EB, Saint M, Gildengorin G, Weitz TA, Stewart FH, Sawaya GF. Cervical cancer screening continues to limit provision of contraception. Volume 72 of Issue 3. 2005. PMID: 16102551


  195. Schwarz EB, Luetkemeyer A, Foster DG, Weitz TA, Lindes D, Stewart FH. Willing and able? Provision of medication for abortion by future internists. Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health 2005. PMID: 15661586


  196. Schwarz EB. Plan B--the FDA and emergency contraception. Volume 351 of Issue 10. 2004. PMID: 15342815


  197. Jackson RA, Schwarz EB, Freedman L, Darney P. Advance supply of emergency contraception. effect on use and usual contraception--a randomized trial. Volume 102 of Issue 1. 2003. PMID: 12850599


  198. Bachrach VR, Schwarz E, Bachrach LR. Breastfeeding and the risk of hospitalization for respiratory disease in infancy: a meta-analysis. Volume 157 of Issue 3. 2003. PMID: 12622672


  199. Jackson R, Schwarz EB, Freedman L, Darney P. Knowledge and willingness to use emergency contraception among low-income post-partum women. Volume 61 of Issue 6. 2000. PMID: 10958877