Christopher Pilcher

Senate Emeritus (WOS)

HIV, Infectious Disease, and Global Medicine, Infectious Diseases

Dr. Christopher D. Pilcher is Professor in the Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, at UCSF and Zuckerberg SF General Hospital. He trained at the University of Vermont, Duke University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; he is board certified in Internal Medicine, Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, and has been caring for adults with HIV infection since 1993.
As a research scientist, Dr. Pilcher has authored over a hundred scholarly articles, book chapters and commentaries. He is a recognized authority on using infectious disease diagnostic tests for clinical decision making and surveillance of incidence. His work has focused on diagnosis of acute HIV infection; the same-day initiation of antiretroviral treatment; and the biology of infectivity in both acute and chronic HIV infection.
Dr. Pilcher developed and led cohort studies in the US, Malawi and Brazil to facilitate clinical research, and most recently worked to develop the international CEPHIA 2 cohort for incidence test evaluation. In work with public health programs in North Carolina he developed the STAT program for acute HIV testing and immediate treatment; from 2012 in San Francisco he led the UCSF Options cohort, and in 2013 he began the RAPID program for same-day antiretroviral treatment at Zuckerberg SF General Hospital.
Dr. Pilcher retired in 2019 but remains actively engaged in clinical research.

Education
Fellowship, 2000 - Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Residency, 1997 - Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center
Senior House Officer, 1996 - Paediatrics, Oxford University John Radcliffe Hospital
MD, 1993 - Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine
AB, 1986 - Biology, Harvard University
Publications

  1. Barbehenn A, Shi L, Shao J, Hoh R, Hartig HM, Pae V, Sarvadhavabhatla S, Donaire S, Sheikhzadeh C, Milush J, Laird GM, Mathias M, Ritter K, Peluso M, Martin J, Hecht F, Pilcher C, Cohen SE, Buchbinder S, Havlir D, Gandhi M, Henrich TJ, Hatano H, Wang J, Deeks SG, Lee SA. Rapid Biphasic Decay of Intact and Defective HIV DNA Reservoir During Acute Treated HIV Disease. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences 2024. PMID: 38585951


  2. Dwivedi AK, Gornalusse GG, Siegel DA, Barbehenn A, Thanh C, Hoh R, Hobbs KS, Pan T, Gibson EA, Martin J, Hecht F, Pilcher C, Milush J, Busch MP, Stone M, Huang ML, Reppetti J, Vo PM, Levy CN, Roychoudhury P, Jerome KR, Hladik F, Henrich TJ, Deeks SG, Lee SA. A cohort-based study of host gene expression: tumor suppressor and innate immune/inflammatory pathways associated with the HIV reservoir size. PLoS pathogens 2023. PMID: 38019897


  3. Dwivedi AK, Siegel DA, Thanh C, Hoh R, Hobbs KS, Pan T, Gibson EA, Martin J, Hecht F, Pilcher C, Milush J, Busch MP, Stone M, Huang ML, Levy CN, Roychoudhury P, Hladik F, Jerome KR, Henrich TJ, Deeks SG, Lee SA. Differences in expression of tumor suppressor, innate immune, inflammasome, and potassium/gap junction channel host genes significantly predict viral reservoir size during treated HIV infection. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2023. PMID: 36712077


  4. Siegel DA, Thanh C, Wan E, Hoh R, Hobbs K, Pan T, Gibson EA, Kroetz DL, Martin J, Hecht F, Pilcher C, Martin M, Carrington M, Pillai S, Busch MP, Stone M, Levy CN, Huang ML, Roychoudhury P, Hladik F, Jerome KR, Kiem HP, Henrich TJ, Deeks SG, Lee SA. Host variation in type I interferon signaling genes (MX1), C-C chemokine receptor type 5 gene, and major histocompatibility complex class I alleles in treated HIV+ noncontrollers predict viral reservoir size. AIDS (London, England) 2022. PMID: 36695358


  5. Longino AA, Paul R, Wang Y, Lama JR, Brandes P, Ruiz E, Correa C, Keating S, Spudich SS, Pilcher C, Vecchio A, Pasalar S, Bender Ignacio RA, Valdez R, Dasgupta S, Robertson K, Duerr A. HIV disease dynamics, markers of inflammation and CNS injury during primary HIV infection and their relationship to cognitive performance. TO REMOVE 2021. PMID: 34629415


  6. Park SY, Faraci G, Murphy G, Pilcher C, Busch MP, Lee HY. Microdrop Human Immunodeficiency Virus Sequencing for Incidence and Drug Resistance Surveillance. The Journal of infectious diseases 2021. PMID: 33517458


  7. Lama JR, Ignacio RAB, Alfaro R, Rios J, Cartagena JG, Valdez R, Bain C, Barbarán KS, Villaran MV, Pilcher CD, Gonzales P, Sanchez J, Duerr A. Clinical and Immunologic Outcomes after Immediate or Deferred Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation during Primary HIV Infection: The Sabes Randomized Clinical Study. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2020. PMID: 32107526


  8. Rutishauser RL, Deguit CDT, Hiatt J, Blaeschke F, Roth TL, Wang L, Raymond KA, Starke CE, Mudd JC, Chen W, Smullin C, Matus-Nicodemos R, Hoh R, Krone M, Hecht FM, Pilcher CD, Martin JN, Koup RA, Douek DC, Brenchley JM, Sékaly RP, Pillai SK, Marson A, Deeks SG, McCune JM, Hunt PW. TCF-1 regulates HIV-specific CD8+ T cell expansion capacity. JCI insight 2021. PMID: 33351785


  9. Pilcher CD. A Data-Driven Rationale for High-Throughput SARS-CoV-2 Mass Screening Programs. JAMA network open 2020. PMID: 33301012


  10. Pilcher CD, Westreich D, Hudgens MG. Group Testing for Sars-Cov-2 to Enable Rapid Scale-Up of Testing and Real-Time Surveillance of Incidence. The Journal of infectious diseases 2020. PMID: 32592581


  11. Marques de Menezes EG, Jang K, George AF, Nyegaard M, Neidleman J, Inglis HC, Danesh A, Deng X, Afshari A, Kim YH, Billaud JN, Marson K, Pilcher CD, Pillai SK, Norris PJ, Roan NR. Seminal plasma-derived extracellular vesicle fractions from HIV-infected men exhibit unique miRNA signatures and induce a pro-inflammatory response in cells isolated from the female reproductive tract. Journal of virology 2020. PMID: 32434889


  12. Li Y, Altan E, Pilcher C, Hartogensis W, Hecht FM, Deng X, Delwart E. Semen virome of men with HIV on or off antiretroviral treatment. AIDS (London, England) 2020. PMID: 32271249


  13. George AF, Jang KS, Nyegaard M, Neidleman J, Spitzer TL, Xie G, Chen JC, Herzig E, Laustsen A, Marques de Menezes EG, Houshdaran S, Pilcher CD, Norris PJ, Jakobsen MR, Greene WC, Giudice LC, Roan NR. Seminal plasma promotes decidualization of endometrial stromal fibroblasts in vitro from women with and without inflammatory disorders in a manner dependent on interleukin-11 signaling. Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 2020. PMID: 32219408


  14. Grebe E, Facente SN, Bingham J, Pilcher CD, Powrie A, Gerber J, Priede G, Chibawara T, Busch MP, Murphy G, Kassanjee R, Welte A. Interpreting HIV diagnostic histories into infection time estimates: analytical framework and online tool. BMC infectious diseases 2019. PMID: 31655566


  15. Deguit CDT, Hough M, Hoh R, Krone M, Pilcher CD, Martin JN, Deeks SG, McCune JM, Hunt PW, Rutishauser RL. Some Aspects of CD8+ T-Cell Exhaustion Are Associated With Altered T-Cell Mitochondrial Features and ROS Content in HIV Infection. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2019. PMID: 31513075


  16. Sempa JB, Welte A, Busch MP, Hall J, Hampton D, Facente SN, Keating SM, Marson K, Parkin N, Pilcher CD, Murphy G, Grebe E. Performance comparison of the Maxim and Sedia Limiting Antigen Avidity assays for HIV incidence surveillance. PloS one 2019. PMID: 31348809


  17. Facente SN, Busch MP, Grebe E, Pilcher CD, Welte A, Rice B, Murphy G. Challenges to the performance of current HIV diagnostic assays and the need for centralized specimen archives: a review of the Consortium for the Evaluation and Performance of HIV Incidence Assays (CEPHIA) repository. Gates open research 2019. PMID: 31460496


  18. Pilcher CD, Porco TC, Facente SN, Grebe E, Delaney KP, Masciotra S, Kassanjee R, Busch MP, Murphy G, Owen SM, Welte A. A generalizable method for estimating duration of HIV infections using clinical testing history and HIV test results. AIDS (London, England) 2019. PMID: 30870196


  19. Coffey S, Bacchetti P, Sachdev D, Bacon O, Jones D, Ospina-Norvell C, Torres S, Lynch E, Camp C, Mercer-Slomoff R, Lee S, Christopoulos K, Pilcher C, Hsu L, Jin C, Scheer S, Havlir D, Gandhi M. RAPID antiretroviral therapy: high virologic suppression rates with immediate antiretroviral therapy initiation in a vulnerable urban clinic population. AIDS (London, England) 2019. PMID: 30882490


  20. Seaton KE, Vandergrift NA, Deal AW, Rountree W, Bainbridge J, Grebe E, Anderson DA, Sawant S, Shen X, Yates NL, Denny TN, Liao HX, Haynes BF, Robb ML, Parkin N, Santos BR, Garrett N, Price MA, Naniche D, Duerr AC, Keating S, Hampton D, Facente S, Marson K, Welte A, Pilcher CD, Cohen MS, Tomaras GD. Computational analysis of antibody dynamics identifies recent HIV-1 infection. JCI insight 2017. PMID: 29263306


  21. Grebe E, Welte A, Hall J, Keating SM, Facente SN, Marson K, Martin JN, Little SJ, Price MA, Kallas EG, Busch MP, Pilcher CD, Murphy G. Infection Staging and Incidence Surveillance Applications of High Dynamic Range Diagnostic Immuno-Assay Platforms. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2017. PMID: 28914669


  22. R. Rutishauser, C.D. Deguit, R. Hoh, M. Hough, M. Krone, R.-P. Sékaly, F.M. Hecht, C.D. Pilcher, J.N. Martin, J.M. Mccune, S.G. Deeks, P.W. Hunt. PP5.3 TCF-1 expression is associated with HIV-specific CD8+ T cell proliferative capacity. Journal of virus eradication 2017. PMID:


  23. de Mulder M, SenGupta D, Deeks SG, Martin JN, Pilcher CD, Hecht FM, Sacha JB, Nixon DF, Michaud HA. Anti-HERV-K (HML-2) capsid antibody responses in HIV elite controllers. Retrovirology 2017. PMID: 28830571


  24. Keating SM, Pilcher CD, Jain V, Lebedeva M, Hampton D, Abdel-Mohsen M, Deng X, Murphy G, Welte A, Facente SN, Hecht F, Deeks SG, Pillai SK, Busch MP. HIV Antibody Level as a Marker of HIV Persistence and Low-Level Viral Replication. Volume 216 of Issue 1. The Journal of infectious diseases 2017. PMID: 28498985


  25. Rutstein SE, Ananworanich J, Fidler S, Johnson C, Sanders EJ, Sued O, Saez-Cirion A, Pilcher CD, Fraser C, Cohen MS, Vitoria M, Doherty M, Tucker JD. Clinical and public health implications of acute and early HIV detection and treatment: a scoping review. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2017. PMID: 28691435


  26. Roan NR, Sandi-Monroy N, Kohgadai N, Usmani SM, Hamil KG, Neidleman J, Montano M, Ständker L, Röcker A, Cavrois M, Rosen J, Marson K, Smith JF, Pilcher CD, Gagsteiger F, Sakk O, O'Rand M, Lishko PV, Kirchhoff F, Münch J, Greene WC. Semen amyloids participate in spermatozoa selection and clearance. Volume 6. eLife 2017. PMID: 28653619


  27. Rutishauser RL, Hartogensis W, Deguit CD, Krone M, Hoh R, Hecht FM, Pilcher CD, Bacchetti P, Deeks SG, Hunt PW, McCune JM. Early and Delayed Antiretroviral Therapy Results in Comparable Reductions in CD8+ T Cell Exhaustion Marker Expression. Volume 33 of Issue 7. AIDS research and human retroviruses 2017. PMID: 28335609


  28. Marson KG, Marlin R, Pham P, Cohen SE, Jones D, Roemer M, Peters PJ, Haller B, Pilcher CD. Real-world performance of the new US HIV testing algorithm in medical settings. Volume 91. Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology 2017. PMID: 28434809


  29. Christopoulos KA, Hartogensis W, Glidden DV, Pilcher CD, Gandhi M, Geng EH. Limitations of using the Lorenz curve framework to understand the distribution of population viral load: authors' reply. Volume 31 of Issue 5. AIDS (London, England) 2017. PMID: 28225455


  30. Schlusser KE, Pilcher C, Kallas EG, Santos BR, Deeks SG, Facente S, Keating SM, Busch MP, Murphy G, Welte A, Quinn T, Eshleman SH, Laeyendecker O. Comparison of cross-sectional HIV incidence assay results from dried blood spots and plasma. PloS one 2017. PMID: 28231277


  31. Christopoulos KA, Hartogensis W, Glidden DV, Pilcher CD, Gandhi M, Geng EH. The Lorenz curve: a novel method for understanding viral load distribution at the population level. Volume 31 of Issue 2. AIDS (London, England) 2017. PMID: 27831945


  32. Pilcher CD, Ospina-Norvell C, Dasgupta A, Jones D, Hartogensis W, Torres S, Calderon F, Demicco E, Geng E, Gandhi M, Havlir DV, Hatano H. The Effect of Same-Day Observed Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy on HIV Viral Load and Treatment Outcomes in a US Public Health Setting. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2017. PMID: 27434707


  33. Keating SM, Kassanjee R, Lebedeva M, Facente SN, MacArthur JC, Grebe E, Murphy G, Welte A, Martin JN, Little S, Price MA, Kallas EG, Busch MP, Pilcher CD. Performance of the Bio-Rad Geenius HIV1/2 Supplemental Assay in Detecting "Recent" HIV Infection and Calculating Population Incidence. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2016. PMID: 27509247


  34. Kassanjee R, Pilcher CD, Busch MP, Murphy G, Facente SN, Keating SM, Mckinney E, Marson K, Price MA, Martin JN, Little SJ, Hecht FM, Kallas EG, Welte A. Viral load criteria and threshold optimization to improve HIV incidence assay characteristics. AIDS (London, England) 2016. PMID: 27454561


  35. Keating SM, Pilcher CD, Busch MP. Editorial Commentary: Timing Is Everything: Shortcomings of Current HIV Diagnostics in the Early Treatment Era. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2016. PMID: 27317798


  36. Gearhart TL, Montelaro RC, Schurdak ME, Pilcher CD, Rinaldo CR, Kodadek T, Park Y, Islam K, Yurko R, Marques ET, Burke DS. Selection of a potential diagnostic biomarker for HIV infection from a random library of non-biological synthetic peptoid oligomers. Journal of immunological methods 2016. PMID: 27182050


  37. S.M. Keating, V. Jain, S.G. Deeks, C.D. Pilcher, M.P. Busch. PP 3.14 HIV antibodies as markers of HIV systemic reservoir and replication activity. Journal of virus eradication 2015. PMID:


  38. Pilcher CD, Bisol CA, Paganella MP, Vallabhaneni S, da Motta LR, Kato SK, Sperhacke RD, Kallas EG, Hecht FM, Diaz RS. Efficient Identification of HIV Serodiscordant Couples by Existing HIV Testing Programs in South Brazil. PloS one 2015. PMID: 26562436


  39. Vujkovic-Cvijin I, Swainson LA, Chu SN, Ortiz AM, Santee CA, Petriello A, Dunham RM, Fadrosh DW, Lin DL, Faruqi AA, Huang Y, Apetrei C, Pandrea I, Hecht FM, Pilcher CD, Klatt NR, Brenchley JM, Lynch SV, McCune JM. Gut-Resident Lactobacillus Abundance Associates with IDO1 Inhibition and Th17 Dynamics in SIV-Infected Macaques. Volume 13 of Issue 8. Cell reports 2015. PMID: 26586432


  40. Eriksson EM, Liegler T, Keh CE, Karlsson AC, Holditch SJ, Pilcher CD, Loeb L, Nixon DF, Hecht FM. Newly Exerted T Cell Pressures on Mutated Epitopes following Transmission Help Maintain Consensus HIV-1 Sequences. PloS one 2015. PMID: 25919393


  41. von Stockenstrom S, Odevall L, Lee E, Sinclair E, Bacchetti P, Killian M, Epling L, Shao W, Hoh R, Ho T, Faria NR, Lemey P, Albert J, Hunt P, Loeb L, Pilcher C, Poole L, Hatano H, Somsouk M, Douek D, Boritz E, Deeks SG, Hecht FM, Palmer S. Longitudinal Genetic Characterization Reveals That Cell Proliferation Maintains a Persistent HIV Type 1 DNA Pool During Effective HIV Therapy. Volume 212 of Issue 4. The Journal of infectious diseases 2015. PMID: 25712966


  42. Abdel-Mohsen M, Wang C, Strain MC, Lada SM, Deng X, Cockerham LR, Pilcher CD, Hecht FM, Liegler T, Richman DD, Deeks SG, Pillai SK. Select host restriction factors are associated with HIV persistence during antiretroviral therapy. Volume 29 of Issue 4. AIDS (London, England) 2015. PMID: 25602681


  43. Rosenberg NE, Pilcher CD, Busch MP, Cohen MS. How can we better identify early HIV infections? Current opinion in HIV and AIDS 2015. PMID: 25389806


  44. Hollingsworth TD, Pilcher CD, Hecht FM, Deeks SG, Fraser C. High Transmissibility During Early HIV Infection Among Men Who Have Sex With Men-San Francisco, California. The Journal of infectious diseases 2014. PMID: 25542958


  45. Kassanjee R, Pilcher CD, Keating SM, Facente SN, McKinney E, Price MA, Martin JN, Little S, Hecht FM, Kallas EG, Welte A, Busch MP, Murphy G. Independent assessment of candidate HIV incidence assays on specimens in the CEPHIA repository. AIDS (London, England) 2014. PMID: 25144218


  46. Cockerham LR, Jain V, Sinclair E, Glidden DV, Hartogenesis W, Hatano H, Hunt PW, Martin JN, Pilcher CD, Sekaly R, McCune JM, Hecht FM, Deeks SG. Programmed death-1 expression on CD4? and CD8? T cells in treated and untreated HIV disease. Volume 28 of Issue 12. AIDS (London, England) 2014. PMID: 24871455


  47. Raposo RA, Abdel-Mohsen M, Deng X, Hecht FM, Pilcher CD, Pillai SK, Nixon DF. Dynamic regulation of host restriction factor expression over the course of HIV-1 infection in vivo. Volume 88 of Issue 19. Journal of virology 2014. PMID: 25031350


  48. Wang C, Abdel-Mohsen M, Strain MC, Lada SM, Yukl S, Cockerham LR, Pilcher CD, Hecht FM, Sinclair E, Liegler T, Richman DD, Deeks SG, Pillai SK. Decreased HIV type 1 transcription in CCR5-?32 heterozygotes during suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Volume 210 of Issue 11. The Journal of infectious diseases 2014. PMID: 24935955


  49. Gold JA, Grill M, Peterson J, Pilcher C, Lee E, Hecht FM, Fuchs D, Yiannoutsos CT, Price RW, Robertson K, Spudich S. Longitudinal characterization of depression and mood states beginning in primary HIV infection. AIDS and behavior 2014. PMID: 24385231


  50. Usmani SM, Zirafi O, Müller JA, Sandi-Monroy NL, Yadav JK, Meier C, Weil T, Roan NR, Greene WC, Walther P, Nilsson KP, Hammarström P, Wetzel R, Pilcher CD, Gagsteiger F, Fändrich M, Kirchhoff F, Münch J. Direct visualization of HIV-enhancing endogenous amyloid fibrils in human semen. Volume 5. Nature communications 2014. PMID: 24691351


  51. Burns DN, DeGruttola V, Pilcher CD, Kretzschmar M, Gordon CM, Flanagan EH, Duncombe C, Cohen MS. Toward an endgame: finding and engaging people unaware of their HIV-1 infection in treatment and prevention. AIDS research and human retroviruses 2014. PMID: 24410300


  52. Michaud HA, de Mulder M, SenGupta D, Deeks SG, Martin JN, Pilcher CD, Hecht FM, Sacha JB, Nixon DF. Trans-activation, post-transcriptional maturation, and induction of antibodies to HERV-K (HML-2) envelope transmembrane protein in HIV-1 infection. Retrovirology 2014. PMID: 24472118


  53. Pilcher CD, Louie B, Facente S, Keating S, Hackett J, Vallari A, Hall C, Dowling T, Busch MP, Klausner JD, Hecht FM, Liska S, Pandori MW. Performance of rapid point-of-care and laboratory tests for acute and established HIV infection in San Francisco. PloS one 2013. PMID: 24349007


  54. Ooms M, Brayton B, Letko M, Maio SM, Pilcher CD, Hecht FM, Barbour JD, Simon V. HIV-1 Vif adaptation to human APOBEC3H haplotypes. Cell host & microbe 2013. PMID: 24139399


  55. Crawford TQ, Hecht FM, Pilcher CD, Ndhlovu LC, Barbour JD. Activation associated ERK1/2 signaling impairments in CD8+ T cells co-localize with blunted polyclonal and HIV-1 specific effector functions in early untreated HIV-1 infection. PloS one 2013. PMID: 24143233


  56. Tugizov SM, Herrera R, Chin-Hong P, Veluppillai P, Greenspan D, Michael Berry J, Pilcher CD, Shiboski CH, Jay N, Rubin M, Chein A, Palefsky JM. HIV-associated disruption of mucosal epithelium facilitates paracellular penetration by human papillomavirus. Virology 2013. PMID: 24074602


  57. Christopoulos KA, Massey AD, Lopez AM, Hare CB, Johnson MO, Pilcher CD, Fielding H, Dawson-Rose C. Patient perspectives on the experience of being newly diagnosed with HIV in the emergency department/urgent care clinic of a public hospital. Volume 8 of Issue 8. PloS one 2013. PMID: 23991214


  58. Jain V, Hartogensis W, Bacchetti P, Hunt PW, Hatano H, Sinclair E, Epling L, Lee TH, Busch MP, McCune JM, Pilcher CD, Hecht FM, Deeks SG. Antiretroviral therapy initiated within 6 months of HIV infection is associated with lower T-cell activation and smaller HIV reservoir size. Volume 208 of Issue 8. The Journal of infectious diseases 2013. PMID: 23852127


  59. Yukl SA, Boritz E, Busch M, Bentsen C, Chun TW, Douek D, Eisele E, Haase A, Ho YC, Hütter G, Justement JS, Keating S, Lee TH, Li P, Murray D, Palmer S, Pilcher C, Pillai S, Price RW, Rothenberger M, Schacker T, Siliciano J, Siliciano R, Sinclair E, Strain M, Wong J, Richman D, Deeks SG. Challenges in detecting HIV persistence during potentially curative interventions: a study of the Berlin patient. Volume 9 of Issue 5. PLoS pathogens 2013. PMID: 23671416


  60. Henri-Alexandre Michaud, Miguel de Mulder, Devi SenGupta, Steven Deeks, Jeffrey Martin, Christopher Pilcher, Frederick Hecht, Jonah Sacha, Douglas Nixon. HIV-1 infection induces a novel B cell response against HERV-K (HML-2) TM protein (P6209). The Journal of Immunology 2013. PMID:


  61. Andre Raposo, Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen, Frederick Hecht, Christopher Pilcher, Satish Pillai, Douglas Nixon. Host correlates distinguish low-risk and high-risk HIV-1 disease progression in HLA-B*5701 individuals (P6169). The Journal of Immunology 2013. PMID:


  62. Devi SenGupta, Susan Ribeiro, Henri-Alexandre Michaud, Liyen Loh, Ravi Tandon, R. Jones, Keith Garrison, Vanessa York, Edecio Cunha-Neto, Mario Ostrowski, Christopher Pilcher, Frederick Hecht, Jeff Martin, Steven Deeks, Peter Hunt, Douglas Nixon. Identification of human endogenous retrovirus (HERV-K(HML-2))-specific mucosal CD4+ T cell responses in HIV-1-exposed, seronegative individuals (P6195). The Journal of Immunology 2013. PMID:


  63. Christopoulos KA, Massey AD, Lopez AM, Geng EH, Johnson MO, Pilcher CD, Fielding H, Dawson-Rose C. "Taking a half day at a time:" patient perspectives and the HIV engagement in care continuum. Volume 27 of Issue 4. AIDS patient care and STDs 2013. PMID: 23565926


  64. Champiat S, Garrison KE, Raposo RA, Burwitz BJ, Reed J, Tandon R, York VA, Newman LP, Nimityongskul FA, Wilson NA, Almeida RR, Martin JN, Deeks SG, Rosenberg MG, Wiznia AA, Spotts GE, Pilcher CD, Hecht FM, Ostrowski MA, Sacha JB, Nixon DF. T cells target APOBEC3 proteins in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected humans and simian immunodeficiency virus-infected Indian rhesus macaques. Journal of virology 2013. PMID: 23536679


  65. Vallabhaneni S, McConnell JJ, Loeb L, Hartogensis W, Hecht FM, Grant RM, Pilcher CD. Changes in seroadaptive practices from before to after diagnosis of recent HIV infection among men who have sex with men. PloS one 2013. PMID: 23405145


  66. Christopoulos KA, Zetola NM, Klausner JD, Haller B, Louie B, Hare CB, Pandori M, Nassos P, Roemer M, Pilcher CD. Leveraging a rapid, round-the-clock HIV testing system to screen for acute HIV infection in a large urban public medical center. Volume 62 of Issue 2. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2013. PMID: 23117503


  67. Vallabhaneni S, Li X, Vittinghoff E, Donnell D, Pilcher CD, Buchbinder SP. Seroadaptive practices: association with HIV acquisition among HIV-negative men who have sex with men. PloS one 2012. PMID: 23056215


  68. Champiat S, Raposo RA, Maness NJ, Lehman JL, Purtell SE, Hasenkrug AM, Miller JC, Dean H, Koff WC, Hong MA, Martin JN, Deeks SG, Spotts GE, Pilcher CD, Hecht FM, Kallas EG, Garrison KE, Nixon DF. Influence of HAART on alternative reading frame immune responses over the course of HIV-1 infection. PloS one 2012. PMID: 22768072


  69. Hampton KH, Serre ML, Gesink DC, Pilcher CD, Miller WC. Adjusting for sampling variability in sparse data: geostatistical approaches to disease mapping. International journal of health geographics 2011. PMID: 21978359


  70. Hecht FM, Wellman R, Busch MP, Pilcher CD, Norris PJ, Margolick JB, Collier AC, Little SJ, Markowitz M, Routy JP, Holte S. Identifying the early post-HIV antibody seroconversion period. The Journal of infectious diseases 2011. PMID: 21791654


  71. Facente SN, Pilcher CD, Hartogensis WE, Klausner JD, Philip SS, Louie B, Christopoulos KA, Dowling T, Colfax GN. Performance of risk-based criteria for targeting acute HIV screening in San Francisco. Volume 6 of Issue 7. PloS one 2011. PMID: 21755003


  72. Powers KA, Hoffman IF, Ghani AC, Hosseinipour MC, Pilcher CD, Price MA, Pettifor AE, Chilongozi DA, Martinson FE, Cohen MS, Miller WC. Sexual partnership patterns in malawi: implications for HIV/STI transmission. Sexually transmitted diseases 2011. PMID: 21301383


  73. Jain V, Sucupira MC, Bacchetti P, Hartogensis W, Diaz RS, Kallas EG, Janini LM, Liegler T, Pilcher CD, Grant RM, Cortes R, Deeks SG, Hecht FM. Differential persistence of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance mutation classes. The Journal of infectious diseases 2011. PMID: 21451005


  74. Jain V, Liegler T, Vittinghoff E, Hartogensis W, Bacchetti P, Poole L, Loeb L, Pilcher CD, Grant RM, Deeks SG, Hecht FM. Transmitted drug resistance in persons with acute/early HIV-1 in San Francisco, 2002-2009. PloS one 2010. PMID: 21170322


  75. Busch MP, Pilcher CD, Mastro TD, Kaldor J, Vercauteren G, Rodriguez W, Rousseau C, Rehle TM, Welte A, Averill MD, Garcia Calleja JM. Beyond detuning: 10 years of progress and new challenges in the development and application of assays for HIV incidence estimation. AIDS (London, England) 2010. PMID: 20975514


  76. Hsiang MS, Lin M, Dokomajilar C, Kemere J, Pilcher CD, Dorsey G, Greenhouse B. PCR-based pooling of dried blood spots for detection of malaria parasites: optimization and application to a cohort of Ugandan children. Volume 48 of Issue 10. Journal of clinical microbiology 2010. PMID: 20686079


  77. Bebell LM, Pilcher CD, Dorsey G, Havlir D, Kamya MR, Busch MP, Dunn Williams J, Nugent CT, Bentsen C, Rosenthal PJ, Charlebois ED. Acute HIV-1 infection is highly prevalent in Ugandan adults with suspected malaria. Volume 24 of Issue 12. AIDS (London, England) 2010. PMID: 20543656


  78. Pilcher CD, Christopoulos KA, Golden M. Public health rationale for rapid nucleic acid or p24 antigen tests for HIV. Volume 201 Suppl 1. The Journal of infectious diseases 2010. PMID: 20225950


  79. Hulgan T, Donahue JP, Smeaton L, Pu M, Wang H, Lederman MM, Smith K, Valdez H, Pilcher C, Haas DW. Oral cyclosporin A inhibits CD4 T cell P-glycoprotein activity in HIV-infected adults initiating treatment with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. European journal of clinical pharmacology 2009. PMID: 19779705


  80. McCoy SI, Eron JJ, Kuruc JD, Strauss RP, Macdonald PD, Fiscus SA, Barnhart J, Pilcher CD, Leone PA, Miller WC. Sexually transmitted infections among patients with acute HIV in North Carolina. Sexually transmitted diseases 2009. PMID: 19387421


  81. Miller WC, Leone PA, McCoy S, Nguyen TQ, Williams DE, Pilcher CD. Targeted testing for acute HIV infection in North Carolina. AIDS (London, England) 2009. PMID: 19318909


  82. Hurt CB, McCoy SI, Kuruc J, Nelson JA, Kerkau M, Fiscus S, McGee K, Sebastian J, Leone P, Pilcher C, Hicks C, Eron J. Transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance among acute and recent HIV infections in North Carolina from 1998 to 2007. Antiviral therapy 2009. PMID: 19704170


  83. Pilcher CD, Hare CB. The deadliest catch: fishing for HIV in new waters. Annals of internal medicine 2008. PMID: 18678848


  84. Westreich DJ, Hudgens MG, Fiscus SA, Pilcher CD. Optimizing screening for acute human immunodeficiency virus infection with pooled nucleic acid amplification tests. Journal of clinical microbiology 2008. PMID: 18353930


  85. Pilcher CD, Wong JK, Pillai SK. Inferring HIV transmission dynamics from phylogenetic sequence relationships. Volume 5 of Issue 3. PLoS medicine 2008. PMID: 18351799


  86. Daar ES, Pilcher CD, Hecht FM. Clinical presentation and diagnosis of primary HIV-1 infection. Current opinion in HIV and AIDS 2008. PMID: 19372938


  87. Patterson KB, Leone PA, Fiscus SA, Kuruc J, McCoy SI, Wolf L, Foust E, Williams D, Eron JJ, Pilcher CD. Frequent detection of acute HIV infection in pregnant women. AIDS (London, England) 2007. PMID: 18090278


  88. Powers KA, Miller WC, Pilcher CD, Mapanje C, Martinson FE, Fiscus SA, Chilongozi DA, Namakhwa D, Price MA, Galvin SR, Hoffman IF, Cohen MS. Improved detection of acute HIV-1 infection in sub-Saharan Africa: development of a risk score algorithm. AIDS (London, England) 2007. PMID: 18090052


  89. Pilcher CD, Joaki G, Hoffman IF, Martinson FE, Mapanje C, Stewart PW, Powers KA, Galvin S, Chilongozi D, Gama S, Price MA, Fiscus SA, Cohen MS. Amplified transmission of HIV-1: comparison of HIV-1 concentrations in semen and blood during acute and chronic infection. AIDS (London, England) 2007. PMID: 17690570


  90. Kim HY, Hudgens MG, Dreyfuss JM, Westreich DJ, Pilcher CD. Comparison of group testing algorithms for case identification in the presence of test error. Biometrics 2007. PMID: 17501946


  91. Gulick RM, Lalama CM, Ribaudo HJ, Shikuma CM, Schackman BR, Schouten J, Squires KE, Koletar SL, Pilcher CD, Reichman RC, Klingman KL, Kuritzkes DR. Intensification of a triple-nucleoside regimen with tenofovir or efavirenz in HIV-1-infected patients with virological suppression. AIDS (London, England) 2007. PMID: 17415036


  92. Zetola NM, Pilcher CD. Diagnosis and management of acute HIV infection. Infectious disease clinics of North America 2007. PMID: 17502228


  93. Priddy FH, Pilcher CD, Moore RH, Tambe P, Park MN, Fiscus SA, Feinberg MB, del Rio C. Detection of acute HIV infections in an urban HIV counseling and testing population in the United States. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2007. PMID: 17312561


  94. Hecht F, Pilcher C. Lessons from primary HIV infection. Focus (San Francisco, Calif.) 2007. PMID: 17549830


  95. Fiscus SA, Pilcher CD, Miller WC, Powers KA, Hoffman IF, Price M, Chilongozi DA, Mapanje C, Krysiak R, Gama S, Martinson FE, Cohen MS. Rapid, real-time detection of acute HIV infection in patients in Africa. The Journal of infectious diseases 2006. PMID: 17205481


  96. . Acute HIV revisited: new opportunities for treatment and prevention. TO REMOVE 2006. PMID:


  97. Kilby JM, Bucy RP, Mildvan D, Fischl M, Santana-Bagur J, Lennox J, Pilcher C, Zolopa A, Lawrence J, Pollard RB, Habib RE, Sahner D, Fox L, Aga E, Bosch RJ, Mitsuyasu R. A randomized, partially blinded phase 2 trial of antiretroviral therapy, HIV-specific immunizations, and interleukin-2 cycles to promote efficient control of viral replication (ACTG A5024). The Journal of infectious diseases 2006. PMID: 17109338


  98. Pilcher CD, Eaton L, Kalichman S, Bisol C, de Souza Rda S. Approaching "HIV elimination": interventions for acute HIV infection. Current HIV/AIDS reports 2006. PMID: 17032575


  99. Gulick RM, Ribaudo HJ, Shikuma CM, Lalama C, Schackman BR, Meyer WA, Acosta EP, Schouten J, Squires KE, Pilcher CD, Murphy RL, Koletar SL, Carlson M, Reichman RC, Bastow B, Klingman KL, Kuritzkes DR. Three- vs four-drug antiretroviral regimens for the initial treatment of HIV-1 infection: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2006. PMID: 16905783


  100. . Amplified HIV Transmission: The Missing Link in the HIV Pandemic?. TO REMOVE 2005. PMID:


  101. Pilcher CD, Fiscus SA, Nguyen TQ, Foust E, Wolf L, Williams D, Ashby R, O'Dowd JO, McPherson JT, Stalzer B, Hightow L, Miller WC, Eron JJ, Cohen MS, Leone PA. Detection of acute infections during HIV testing in North Carolina. The New England journal of medicine 2005. PMID: 15872202


  102. McDougal JS, Pilcher CD, Parekh BS, Gershy-Damet G, Branson BM, Marsh K, Wiktor SZ. Surveillance for HIV-1 incidence using tests for recent infection in resource-constrained countries. AIDS (London, England) 2005. PMID: 15930838


  103. Hightow LB, MacDonald PD, Pilcher CD, Kaplan AH, Foust E, Nguyen TQ, Leone PA. The unexpected movement of the HIV epidemic in the Southeastern United States: transmission among college students. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2005. PMID: 15793362


  104. Cohen MS, Pilcher CD. Amplified HIV transmission and new approaches to HIV prevention. The Journal of infectious diseases 2005. PMID: 15809893


  105. Ritola K, Pilcher CD, Fiscus SA, Hoffman NG, Nelson JA, Kitrinos KM, Hicks CB, Eron JJ, Swanstrom R. Multiple V1/V2 env variants are frequently present during primary infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Journal of virology 2004. PMID: 15452240


  106. Gulick RM, Ribaudo HJ, Shikuma CM, Lustgarten S, Squires KE, Meyer WA, Acosta EP, Schackman BR, Pilcher CD, Murphy RL, Maher WE, Witt MD, Reichman RC, Snyder S, Klingman KL, Kuritzkes DR. Triple-nucleoside regimens versus efavirenz-containing regimens for the initial treatment of HIV-1 infection. The New England journal of medicine 2004. PMID: 15115831


  107. Pilcher CD, Tien HC, Eron JJ, Vernazza PL, Leu SY, Stewart PW, Goh LE, Cohen MS. Brief but efficient: acute HIV infection and the sexual transmission of HIV. The Journal of infectious diseases 2004. PMID: 15122514


  108. Pilcher CD, Eron JJ, Galvin S, Gay C, Cohen MS. Acute HIV revisited: new opportunities for treatment and prevention. The Journal of clinical investigation 2004. PMID: 15057296


  109. Wohl DA, Pilcher CD, Evans S, Revuelta M, McComsey G, Yang Y, Zackin R, Alston B, Welch S, Basar M, Kashuba A, Kondo P, Martinez A, Giardini J, Quinn J, Littles M, Wingfield H, Koletar SL. Absence of sustained hyperlactatemia in HIV-infected patients with risk factors for mitochondrial toxicity. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2004. PMID: 15076242


  110. Donovan BJ, Rublein JC, Leone PA, Pilcher CD. HIV infection: point-of-care testing. The Annals of pharmacotherapy 2004. PMID: 14990775


  111. Pilcher CD, Price MA, Hoffman IF, Galvin S, Martinson FE, Kazembe PN, Eron JJ, Miller WC, Fiscus SA, Cohen MS. Frequent detection of acute primary HIV infection in men in Malawi. AIDS (London, England) 2004. PMID: 15090805


  112. Freel SA, Fiscus SA, Pilcher CD, Menezes P, Giner J, Patrick E, Lennox JL, Hicks CB, Eron JJ, Shugars DC. Envelope diversity, coreceptor usage and syncytium-inducing phenotype of HIV-1 variants in saliva and blood during primary infection. AIDS (London, England) 2003. PMID: 14502005


  113. Weintrob AC, Giner J, Menezes P, Patrick E, Benjamin DK, Lennox J, Pilcher CD, Eron JJ, Hicks CB. Infrequent diagnosis of primary human immunodeficiency virus infection: missed opportunities in acute care settings. Archives of internal medicine 2003. PMID: 14504125


  114. Pilcher CD, McPherson JT, Leone PA, Smurzynski M, Owen-O'Dowd J, Peace-Brewer AL, Harris J, Hicks CB, Eron JJ, Fiscus SA. Real-time, universal screening for acute HIV infection in a routine HIV counseling and testing population. JAMA 2002. PMID: 12095386


  115. Pilcher CD, Wohl DA, Hicks CB. Diagnosing primary HIV infection. Annals of internal medicine 2002. PMID: 11900505


  116. Garba ML, Pilcher CD, Bingham AL, Eron J, Frelinger JA. HIV antigens can induce TGF-beta(1)-producing immunoregulatory CD8+ T cells. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2002. PMID: 11859112