Carlin Long, MD

Professor

My basic research interests are on the cell-specific responses to myocardial injury with a particular focus on understanding the role of pro-inflammatory molecules in the transition from compensated to decompensated myocardial failure. For nearly 25 years I have been investigating how cells in the heart “speak” to one another in normal and abnormal growth with a particular interest on the cardiac fibroblasts which initiate the process of scarring within the heart muscle following injury.

My clinical interests are in the arena of risk reduction for patients without known disease (primary prevention) but also in those with established disease (secondary prevention). I am particularly interested in how to engage patients in self-care using the wide variety of apps and wearables which allow for the accumulation of physiologic data over time and in monitoring how these can be modified by both behavioral cues but also in observing the response to therapies in their daily routines. In addition the advent of genome sequence data opens up another area for study in the field of prevention as well as in the patient-specific response to therapy, so-called personalized medicine.

Education
6/1989 - Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco
06/1986 - Chief Resident Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
06/1985 - Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
MD, 06/1982 - Medicine, Southwestern Medical School
BS, 06/1978 - Biology, Baylor University
Publications

  1. Thottakara T, Padmanabhan A, Tanriverdi T, Thambidurai T, Diaz-Rg JA, Amonkar SR, Olgin JE, Long CS, Roselle Abraham M. Single-nucleus RNA/ATAC-seq in early-stage HCM models predicts SWI/SNF-activation in mutant-myocytes, and allele-specific differences in fibroblasts. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2024. PMID: 38903075


  2. Durstenfeld MS, Peluso MJ, Spinelli MA, Li D, Hoh R, Chenna A, Yee B, Winslow J, Petropoulos C, Gandhi M, Henrich TJ, Aras MA, Long CS, Deeks SG, Hsue PY. Association of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Cardiopulmonary Long COVID With Exercise Capacity and Chronotropic Incompetence Among People With HIV. Journal of the American Heart Association 2023. PMID: 37830367


  3. Durstenfeld MS, Peluso MJ, Kaveti P, Hill C, Li D, Sander E, Swaminathan S, Arechiga VM, Lu S, Goldberg SA, Hoh R, Chenna A, Yee BC, Winslow JW, Petropoulos CJ, Kelly JD, Glidden DV, Henrich TJ, Martin JN, Lee YJ, Aras MA, Long CS, Grandis DJ, Deeks SG, Hsue PY. Reduced exercise capacity, chronotropic incompetence, and early systemic inflammation in cardiopulmonary phenotype Long COVID. The Journal of infectious diseases 2023. PMID: 37166076


  4. Durstenfeld MS, Peluso MJ, Spinelli MA, Li D, Hoh R, Gandhi M, Henrich TJ, Aras MA, Long CS, Deeks SG, Hsue PY. Association of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Cardiopulmonary Long COVID with Exercise Capacity and Chronotropic Incompetence among People with HIV. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences 2023. PMID: 37205522


  5. Durstenfeld MS, Peluso MJ, Kaveti P, Hill C, Li D, Sander E, Swaminathan S, Arechiga VM, Sun K, Ma Y, Zepeda V, Lu S, Goldberg SA, Hoh R, Chenna A, Yee BC, Winslow JW, Petropoulos CJ, Win S, Kelly JD, Glidden DV, Henrich TJ, Martin JN, Lee YJ, Aras MA, Long CS, Grandis DJ, Deeks SG, Hsue PY. Inflammation during early post-acute COVID-19 is associated with reduced exercise capacity and Long COVID symptoms after 1 year. 2022. PMID: 35677073


  6. Durstenfeld MS, Sun K, Tahir P, Peluso MJ, Deeks SG, Aras MA, Grandis DJ, Long CS, Beatty A, Hsue PY. Use of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing to Evaluate Long COVID-19 Symptoms in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA network open 2022. PMID: 36223120


  7. Parikh NI, Arowolo F, Durstenfeld MS, Nah G, Njoroge J, Vittinghoff E, Long CS, Ganz P, Pearce D, Hsue P, Wu AHS, Hajizadeh N, Liu KD, Lynch KL. Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 Have Higher Plasma Aldosterone-Renin Ratio and Lower ACE Activity Than Controls. Journal of the Endocrine Society 2022. PMID: 36338506


  8. Braidotti N, Chen SN, Long CS, Cojoc D, Sbaizero O. Piezo1 Channel as a Potential Target for Hindering Cardiac Fibrotic Remodeling. International journal of molecular sciences 2022. PMID: 35897650


  9. Durstenfeld MS, Sun K, Tahir PM, Peluso MJ, Deeks SG, Aras MA, Grandis DJ, Long CS, Beatty A, Hsue PY. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing to evaluate post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 ("Long COVID"): a systematic review and meta-analysis. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences 2022. PMID: 35734081


  10. Borin D, Peña B, Chen SN, Long CS, Taylor MRG, Mestroni L, Sbaizero O. Altered microtubule structure, hemichannel localization and beating activity in cardiomyocytes expressing pathologic nuclear lamin A/C. Heliyon 2020. PMID: 32021920


  11. Tietjens JR, Claman D, Kezirian EJ, De Marco T, Mirzayan A, Sadroonri B, Goldberg AN, Long C, Gerstenfeld EP, Yeghiazarians Y. Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Cardiovascular Disease: A Review of the Literature and Proposed Multidisciplinary Clinical Management Strategy. Journal of the American Heart Association 2019. PMID: 30590966


  12. Martinelli V, Bosi S, Peña B, Baj G, Long CS, Sbaizero O, Giacca M, Prato M, Mestroni L. 3D Carbon-Nanotube-Based Composites for Cardiac Tissue Engineering. 2018. PMID: 34996204


  13. Salame G, Juselius WE, Burden M, Long CS, Bendelow T, Beaty B, Masoudi FA, Krantz MJ. Contrast-Enhanced Stress Echocardiography and Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Patients Hospitalized With Chest Pain: A Randomized Study. Critical pathways in cardiology 2018. PMID: 29768319


  14. Laurini E, Martinelli V, Lanzicher T, Puzzi L, Borin D, Chen SN, Long CS, Lee P, Mestroni L, Taylor MRG, Sbaizero O, Pricl S. Biomechanical defects and rescue of cardiomyocytes expressing pathologic nuclear lamins. Cardiovascular research 2018. PMID: 29432544


  15. Almodovar S, Swanson J, Giavedoni LD, Kanthaswamy S, Long CS, Voelkel NF, Edwards MG, Folkvord JM, Connick E, Westmoreland SV, Luciw PA, Flores SC. Lung Vascular Remodeling, Cardiac Hypertrophy, and Inflammatory Cytokines in SHIVnef-Infected Macaques. Viral immunology 2017. PMID: 29256819


  16. Sharma P, Newman K, Long CS, Gasiewski AJ, Barnes F. Use of Wavelet Transform to Detect Compensated and Decompensated Stages in the Congestive Heart Failure Patient. Biosensors 2017. PMID: 28930184


  17. Peña B, Bosi S, Aguado BA, Borin D, Farnsworth NL, Dobrinskikh E, Rowland TJ, Martinelli V, Jeong M, Taylor MRG, Long CS, Shandas R, Sbaizero O, Prato M, Anseth KS, Park D, Mestroni L. Injectable Carbon Nanotube-Functionalized Reverse Thermal Gel Promotes Cardiomyocytes Survival and Maturation. ACS applied materials & interfaces 2017. PMID: 28895403


  18. Blakeslee WW, Demos-Davies KM, Lemon DD, Lutter KM, Cavasin MA, Payne S, Nunley K, Long CS, McKinsey TA, Miyamoto SD. Histone deacetylase adaptation in single ventricle heart disease and a young animal model of right ventricular hypertrophy. Pediatric research 2017. PMID: 28549058


  19. Seriani S, Del Favero G, Mahaffey J, Marko D, Gallina P, Long CS, Mestroni L, Sbaizero O. The cell-stretcher: A novel device for the mechanical stimulation of cell populations. The Review of scientific instruments 2016. PMID: 27587132


  20. Peña B, Martinelli V, Jeong M, Bosi S, Lapasin R, Taylor MR, Long CS, Shandas R, Park D, Mestroni L. Biomimetic Polymers for Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Biomacromolecules 2016. PMID: 27073119


  21. Pflederer MC, Long CS, Beaty B, Havranek EP, Mehler PS, Keniston A, Krantz MJ. Longitudinal Changes in Vascular Risk Markers and Mortality Rates among a Latino Population with Hypertension. Texas Heart Institute journal 2016. PMID: 27127427


  22. Pereira RI, Low Wang CC, Wolfe P, Havranek EP, Long CS, Bessesen DH. Associations of Adiponectin with Adiposity, Insulin Sensitivity, and Diet in Young, Healthy, Mexican Americans and Non-Latino White Adults. International journal of environmental research and public health 2015. PMID: 26703682


  23. Krantz MJ, Havranek EP, Pereira RI, Beaty B, Mehler PS, Long CS. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on arterial stiffness in patients with hypertension: a randomized pilot study. Journal of negative results in biomedicine 2015. PMID: 26631058


  24. Lanzicher T, Martinelli V, Puzzi L, Del Favero G, Codan B, Long CS, Mestroni L, Taylor MR, Sbaizero O. The Cardiomyopathy Lamin A/C D192G Mutation Disrupts Whole-Cell Biomechanics in Cardiomyocytes as Measured by Atomic Force Microscopy Loading-Unloading Curve Analysis. Scientific Reports 2015. PMID: 26323789


  25. Lanzicher T, Martinelli V, Long CS, Del Favero G, Puzzi L, Borelli M, Mestroni L, Taylor MR, Sbaizero O. AFM single-cell force spectroscopy links altered nuclear and cytoskeletal mechanics to defective cell adhesion in cardiac myocytes with a nuclear lamin mutation. Nucleus (Austin, Tex.) 2015. PMID: 26309016


  26. Sbaizero O, DelFavero G, Martinelli V, Long CS, Mestroni L. Analysis of long- and short-range contribution to adhesion work in cardiac fibroblasts: an atomic force microscopy study. Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications 2014. PMID: 25686942


  27. Loveday PW, Long CS. Laser vibrometer measurement of guided wave modes in rail track. Ultrasonics 2014. PMID: 25497003


  28. Codan B, Del Favero G, Martinelli V, Long CS, Mestroni L, Sbaizero O. Exploring the elasticity and adhesion behavior of cardiac fibroblasts by atomic force microscopy indentation. Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications 2014. PMID: 24857511


  29. Schuetze KB, McKinsey TA, Long CS. Targeting cardiac fibroblasts to treat fibrosis of the heart: focus on HDACs. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 2014. PMID: 24631770


  30. Ottaviani G, Gobbo M, Sturnega M, Martinelli V, Mano M, Zanconati F, Bussani R, Perinetti G, Long CS, Di Lenarda R, Giacca M, Biasotto M, Zacchigna S. Effect of class IV laser therapy on chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis: a clinical and experimental study. The American journal of pathology 2013. PMID: 24096076


  31. Martinelli V, Cellot G, Toma FM, Long CS, Caldwell JH, Zentilin L, Giacca M, Turco A, Prato M, Ballerini L, Mestroni L. Carbon nanotubes instruct physiological growth and functionally mature syncytia: nongenetic engineering of cardiac myocytes. ACS nano 2013. PMID: 23734857


  32. Brown RD, Ambler SK, Li M, Sullivan TM, Henry LN, Crossno JT, Long CS, Garrington TP, Stenmark KR. MAP kinase kinase kinase-2 (MEKK2) regulates hypertrophic remodeling of the right ventricle in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 2012. PMID: 23125215


  33. Martinelli V, Cellot G, Toma FM, Long CS, Caldwell JH, Zentilin L, Giacca M, Turco A, Prato M, Ballerini L, Mestroni L. Carbon nanotubes promote growth and spontaneous electrical activity in cultured cardiac myocytes. Nano letters 2012. PMID: 22432413


  34. Krantz MJ, Sabel AL, Sagar U, Long CS, Barbey JT, White KV, Gaudiani JL, Mehler PS. Factors influencing QT prolongation in patients hospitalized with severe anorexia nervosa. General hospital psychiatry 2011. PMID: 21917317


  35. Tamosiuniene R, Tian W, Dhillon G, Wang L, Sung YK, Gera L, Patterson AJ, Agrawal R, Rabinovitch M, Ambler K, Long CS, Voelkel NF, Nicolls MR. Regulatory T cells limit vascular endothelial injury and prevent pulmonary hypertension. Circulation research 2011. PMID: 21868697


  36. Pereira RI, Wang CC, Hosokawa P, Dickinson LM, Chonchol M, Krantz MJ, Steiner JF, Bessesen DH, Havranek EP, Long CS. Circulating adiponectin levels are lower in Latino versus non-Latino white patients at risk for cardiovascular disease, independent of adiposity measures. BMC endocrine disorders 2011. PMID: 21736747


  37. Flierl MA, Gaudiani JL, Sabel AL, Long CS, Stahel PF, Mehler PS. Complement C3 serum levels in anorexia nervosa: a potential biomarker for the severity of disease? Annals of general psychiatry 2011. PMID: 21542928


  38. Lemon DD, Horn TR, Cavasin MA, Jeong MY, Haubold KW, Long CS, Irwin DC, McCune SA, Chung E, Leinwand LA, McKinsey TA. Cardiac HDAC6 catalytic activity is induced in response to chronic hypertension. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 2011. PMID: 21539845


  39. Krantz MJ, Long CS, Hosokawa P, Karimkahani E, Dickinson M, Estacio RO, Masoudi FA, Havranek EP. Pulse wave velocity and carotid atherosclerosis in white and Latino patients with hypertension. BMC cardiovascular disorders 2011. PMID: 21481252


  40. Bakhshi S, Li X, Semenov N, Apodaca-Madrid J, Mahoor MH, Newman KE, Long CS, Neuman C. Congestive Heart Failure home monitoring pilot study in urban Denver. Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference 2011. PMID: 22255008


  41. DeBiasi RL, Robinson BA, Leser JS, Brown RD, Long CS, Clarke P. Critical role for death-receptor mediated apoptotic signaling in viral myocarditis. Journal of cardiac failure 2010. PMID: 21055654


  42. Jeong MY, Walker JS, Brown RD, Moore RL, Vinson CS, Colucci WS, Long CS. AFos inhibits phenylephrine-mediated contractile dysfunction by altering phospholamban phosphorylation. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 2010. PMID: 20363890


  43. Bogaard HJ, Natarajan R, Henderson SC, Long CS, Kraskauskas D, Smithson L, Ockaili R, McCord JM, Voelkel NF. Chronic pulmonary artery pressure elevation is insufficient to explain right heart failure. Circulation 2009. PMID: 19884466


  44. Miyamoto SD, Brown RD, Robinson BA, Tyler KL, Long CS, Debiasi RL. Cardiac cell-specific apoptotic and cytokine responses to reovirus infection: determinants of myocarditic phenotype. Journal of cardiac failure 2009. PMID: 19643365


  45. Ambler SK, Hodges YK, Jones GM, Long CS, Horwitz LD. Prolonged administration of a dithiol antioxidant protects against ventricular remodeling due to ischemia-reperfusion in mice. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 2008. PMID: 18689493


  46. Krantz MJ, Havranek EP, Haynes DK, Smith I, Bucher-Bartelson B, Long CS. Inpatient initiation of beta-blockade plus nurse management in vulnerable heart failure patients: a randomized study. Journal of cardiac failure 2008. PMID: 18474343


  47. Brown RD, Jones GM, Laird RE, Hudson P, Long CS. Cytokines regulate matrix metalloproteinases and migration in cardiac fibroblasts. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2007. PMID: 17706606


  48. Krantz MJ, Baker WA, Estacio RO, Haynes DK, Mehler PS, Fonarow GC, Long CS. Comprehensive coronary artery disease care in a safety-net hospital: results of Get With The Guidelines quality improvement initiative. Journal of managed care pharmacy : JMCP 2007. PMID: 17506598


  49. Watson PA, Reusch JE, McCune SA, Leinwand LA, Luckey SW, Konhilas JP, Brown DA, Chicco AJ, Sparagna GC, Long CS, Moore RL. Restoration of CREB function is linked to completion and stabilization of adaptive cardiac hypertrophy in response to exercise. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 2007. PMID: 17337597


  50. Taylor MR, Slavov D, Ku L, Di Lenarda A, Sinagra G, Carniel E, Haubold K, Boucek MM, Ferguson D, Graw SL, Zhu X, Cavanaugh J, Sucharov CC, Long CS, Bristow MR, Lavori P, Mestroni L. Prevalence of desmin mutations in dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2007. PMID: 17325244


  51. Mitchell MD, Laird RE, Brown RD, Long CS. IL-1beta stimulates rat cardiac fibroblast migration via MAP kinase pathways. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 2006. PMID: 17085539


  52. Voelkel NF, Quaife RA, Leinwand LA, Barst RJ, McGoon MD, Meldrum DR, Dupuis J, Long CS, Rubin LJ, Smart FW, Suzuki YJ, Gladwin M, Denholm EM, Gail DB. Right ventricular function and failure: report of a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute working group on cellular and molecular mechanisms of right heart failure. Circulation 2006. PMID: 17060398


  53. Xu Y, Lu L, Greyson C, Rizeq M, Nunley K, Wyatt B, Bristow MR, Long CS, Schwartz GG. The PPAR-alpha activator fenofibrate fails to provide myocardial protection in ischemia and reperfusion in pigs. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 2005. PMID: 16339839


  54. Krantz MJ, Haugen SJ, Batal H, Long CS. Off-site percutaneous coronary intervention reduces hospital length of stay in vulnerable patients with acute myocardial infarction. Critical pathways in cardiology 2005. PMID: 18340197


  55. Kinugawa K, Jeong MY, Bristow MR, Long CS. Thyroid hormone induces cardiac myocyte hypertrophy in a thyroid hormone receptor alpha1-specific manner that requires TAK1 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 2005. PMID: 15831522


  56. Jeong MY, Kinugawa K, Vinson C, Long CS. AFos dissociates cardiac myocyte hypertrophy and expression of the pathological gene program. Circulation 2005. PMID: 15795322


  57. Mariner PD, Luckey SW, Long CS, Sucharov CC, Leinwand LA. Yin Yang 1 represses alpha-myosin heavy chain gene expression in pathologic cardiac hypertrophy. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2005. PMID: 15567155


  58. Brown RD, Ambler SK, Mitchell MD, Long CS. The cardiac fibroblast: therapeutic target in myocardial remodeling and failure. Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology 2005. PMID: 15822192


  59. Xu Y, Gen M, Lu L, Fox J, Weiss SO, Brown RD, Perlov D, Ahmad H, Zhu P, Greyson C, Long CS, Schwartz GG. PPAR-gamma activation fails to provide myocardial protection in ischemia and reperfusion in pigs. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 2004. PMID: 15528232


  60. Krantz MJ, Havranek EP, Mehler PS, Haynes DK, Long CS. Impact of a cardiac risk reduction program in vulnerable patients hospitalized with coronary artery disease. Pharmacotherapy 2004. PMID: 15222667


  61. Xu Y, Lu L, Greyson C, Lee J, Gen M, Kinugawa K, Long CS, Schwartz GG. Deleterious effects of acute treatment with a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activator in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in pigs. Diabetes 2003. PMID: 12716751


  62. Long CS, Brown RD. The cardiac fibroblast, another therapeutic target for mending the broken heart? Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 2002. PMID: 12392983


  63. Bristow MR, Long CS. Cardiotrophin-1 in heart failure. Circulation 2002. PMID: 12234941


  64. Kinugawa K, Long CS, Bristow MR. Expression of TR isoforms in failing human heart. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2001. PMID: 11600594


  65. Kinugawa K, Yonekura K, Ribeiro RC, Eto Y, Aoyagi T, Baxter JD, Camacho SA, Bristow MR, Long CS, Simpson PC. Regulation of thyroid hormone receptor isoforms in physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Circulation research 2001. PMID: 11577024


  66. Ng DC, Long CS, Bogoyevitch MA. A role for the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases in interleukin-1 beta-stimulated delayed signal tranducer and activator of transcription 3 activation, atrial natriuretic factor expression, and cardiac myocyte The Journal of biological chemistry 2001. PMID: 11382751


  67. Long CS. The role of interleukin-1 in the failing heart. Heart failure reviews 2001. PMID: 11309527


  68. Kinugawa K, Minobe WA, Wood WM, Ridgway EC, Baxter JD, Ribeiro RC, Tawadrous MF, Lowes BA, Long CS, Bristow MR. Signaling pathways responsible for fetal gene induction in the failing human heart: evidence for altered thyroid hormone receptor gene expression. Circulation 2001. PMID: 11222471


  69. Kinney JP, Long CS. The Ultraviolet Index: a useful tool. Dermatology online journal 2000. PMID: 11328612


  70. Patten M, Wang W, Aminololama-Shakeri S, Burson M, Long CS. IL-1 beta increases abundance and activity of the negative transcriptional regulator yin yang-1 (YY1) in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 2000. PMID: 10860774


  71. Kacimi R, Chentoufi J, Honbo N, Long CS, Karliner JS. Hypoxia differentially regulates stress proteins in cultured cardiomyocytes: role of the p38 stress-activated kinase signaling cascade, and relation to cytoprotection. Cardiovascular research 2000. PMID: 10727662


  72. Clerk A, Harrison JG, Long CS, Sugden PH. Pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulate mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamilies, increase phosphorylation of c-Jun and ATF2 and upregulate c-Jun protein in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 1999. PMID: 10640438


  73. Simonini A, Chang K, Yue P, Long CS, Massie BM. Expression of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase is reduced in rats with postinfarction heart failure. Heart (British Cardiac Society) 1999. PMID: 10026358


  74. Gray MO, Long CS, Kalinyak JE, Li HT, Karliner JS. Angiotensin II stimulates cardiac myocyte hypertrophy via paracrine release of TGF-beta 1 and endothelin-1 from fibroblasts. Cardiovascular research 1998. PMID: 9893729


  75. Koudssi F, López JE, Villegas S, Long CS. Cardiac fibroblasts arrest at the G1/S restriction point in response to interleukin (IL)-1beta. Evidence for IL-1beta-induced hypophosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein. The Journal of biological chemistry 1998. PMID: 9748252


  76. Yue P, Long CS, Austin R, Chang KC, Simpson PC, Massie BM. Post-infarction heart failure in the rat is associated with distinct alterations in cardiac myocyte molecular phenotype. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 1998. PMID: 9737947


  77. Yue P, Massie BM, Simpson PC, Long CS. Cytokine expression increases in nonmyocytes from rats with postinfarction heart failure. The American journal of physiology 1998. PMID: 9688921


  78. Kacimi R, Karliner JS, Koudssi F, Long CS. Expression and regulation of adhesion molecules in cardiac cells by cytokines: response to acute hypoxia. Circulation research 1998. PMID: 9529162


  79. Kacimi R, Long CS, Karliner JS. Chronic hypoxia modulates the interleukin-1beta-stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthase pathway in cardiac myocytes. Circulation 1997. PMID: 9323084


  80. Li HT, Long CS, Gray MO, Rokosh DG, Honbo NY, Karliner JS. Cross talk between angiotensin AT1 and alpha 1-adrenergic receptors: angiotensin II downregulates alpha 1a-adrenergic receptor subtype mRNA and density in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. Circulation research 1997. PMID: 9285642


  81. Long CS. Autocrine and Paracrine Regulation of Myocardial Cell Growth in Vitro The TGFß Paradigm. Trends in cardiovascular medicine 1996. PMID: 21232300


  82. Patten M, Hartogensis WE, Long CS. Interleukin-1beta is a negative transcriptional regulator of alpha1-adrenergic induced gene expression in cultured cardiac myocytes. The Journal of biological chemistry 1996. PMID: 8702883


  83. Simonini A, Massie BM, Long CS, Qi M, Samarel AM. Alterations in skeletal muscle gene expression in the rat with chronic congestive heart failure. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 1996. PMID: 8877778


  84. Simonini A, Long CS, Dudley GA, Yue P, McElhinny J, Massie BM. Heart failure in rats causes changes in skeletal muscle morphology and gene expression that are not explained by reduced activity. Circulation research 1996. PMID: 8925560


  85. Rokosh DG, Stewart AF, Chang KC, Bailey BA, Karliner JS, Camacho SA, Long CS, Simpson PC. Alpha1-adrenergic receptor subtype mRNAs are differentially regulated by alpha1-adrenergic and other hypertrophic stimuli in cardiac myocytes in culture and in vivo. Repression of alpha1B and alpha1D but induction of alpha1C. The Journal of biological chemistry 1996. PMID: 8621454


  86. Li HT, Long CS, Rokosh DG, Honbo NY, Karliner JS. Chronic hypoxia differentially regulates alpha 1-adrenergic receptor subtype mRNAs and inhibits alpha 1-adrenergic receptor-stimulated cardiac hypertrophy and signaling. Circulation 1995. PMID: 7641375


  87. Palmer JN, Hartogensis WE, Patten M, Fortuin FD, Long CS. Interleukin-1 beta induces cardiac myocyte growth but inhibits cardiac fibroblast proliferation in culture. The Journal of clinical investigation 1995. PMID: 7769098


  88. Stewart AF, Rokosh DG, Bailey BA, Karns LR, Chang KC, Long CS, Kariya K, Simpson PC. Cloning of the rat alpha 1C-adrenergic receptor from cardiac myocytes. alpha 1C, alpha 1B, and alpha 1D mRNAs are present in cardiac myocytes but not in cardiac fibroblasts. Circulation research 1994. PMID: 7923624


  89. Piedimonte G, Nadel JA, Long CS, Hoffman JI. Neutral endopeptidase in the heart. Neutral endopeptidase inhibition prevents isoproterenol-induced myocardial hypoperfusion in rats by reducing bradykinin degradation. Circulation research 1994. PMID: 7923622


  90. Rokosh DG, Bailey BA, Stewart AF, Karns LR, Long CS, Simpson PC. Distribution of alpha 1C-adrenergic receptor mRNA in adult rat tissues by RNase protection assay and comparison with alpha 1B and alpha 1D. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 1994. PMID: 8185565


  91. Long CS, Hartogensis WE, Simpson PC. Beta-adrenergic stimulation of cardiac non-myocytes augments the growth-promoting activity of non-myocyte conditioned medium. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 1993. PMID: 7505339


  92. Long CS, Kariya K, Karns L, Simpson PC. Sympathetic modulation of the cardiac myocyte phenotype: studies with a cell-culture model of myocardial hypertrophy. Basic research in cardiology 1992. PMID: 1338564


  93. Long CS, Henrich CJ, Simpson PC. A growth factor for cardiac myocytes is produced by cardiac nonmyocytes. Cell regulation 1991. PMID: 1801925


  94. Simpson PC, Kariya K, Karns LR, Long CS, Karliner JS. Adrenergic hormones and control of cardiac myocyte growth. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 1991. PMID: 1656195


  95. Long CS, Kariya K, Karns L, Simpson PC. Sympathetic activity: modulator of myocardial hypertrophy. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 1991. PMID: 1715479


  96. Long CS, Kariya K, Karns L, Simpson PC. Trophic factors for cardiac myocytes. Journal of hypertension. Supplement : official journal of the International Society of Hypertension 1990. PMID: 1965655


  97. Simpson PC, Long CS, Waspe LE, Henrich CJ, Ordahl CP. Transcription of early developmental isogenes in cardiac myocyte hypertrophy. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 1989. PMID: 2560798


  98. Long CS, Ordahl CP, Simpson PC. Alpha 1-adrenergic receptor stimulation of sarcomeric actin isogene transcription in hypertrophy of cultured rat heart muscle cells. The Journal of clinical investigation 1989. PMID: 2537847


  99. Long CS, Ordahl CP. Transcriptional repression of an embryo-specific muscle gene. Developmental biology 1988. PMID: 2452105


  100. Long CS. L'infarctus du ventricule droit--right ventricular infarction in the 1980s. The Western journal of medicine 1987. PMID: 3577123


  101. Barness SK, Long CS. Perioperative nursing. A special project. AORN journal 1984. PMID: 6202235


  102. McGarry JD, Mills SE, Long CS, Foster DW. Observations on the affinity for carnitine, and malonyl-CoA sensitivity, of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I in animal and human tissues. Demonstration of the presence of malonyl-CoA in non-hepatic tissues of the rat. The Biochemical journal 1983. PMID: 6615466


  103. Long CS, Haller RG, Foster DW, McGarry JD. Kinetics of carnitine-dependent fatty acid oxidation: implications for human carnitine deficiency. Neurology 1982. PMID: 7201097