Publications
Department of Medicine faculty members published more than 3,600 peer-reviewed articles in 2024.
2018
2018
PURPOSE
Youth living with HIV (YLHIV) in the United States (U.S.) account for nearly one-third of new HIV infections and face significant barriers to care engagement; only 25% are virally suppressed. Healthcare transition (HCT) from pediatric/adolescent to adult-oriented care can be particularly disruptive. Accordingly, we prospectively examined HCT processes at 14 distinct geographical sites across the U.S.
METHODS
We collected Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interviews data and abstracted electronic medical records from 135 HCT-eligible YLHIV at baseline and 9-month follow-up. Descriptive analyses and multilevel modeling were conducted. Data also included qualitative interviews with 28 adolescent and 30 adult providers across 14 adolescent and 20 adult clinics, respectively. Interviews were analyzed using the constant comparative method; this analysis focused on specific HCT recommendations.
RESULTS
At baseline, youth were primarily age 24 (78.8%), male (76.8%), black (78.0%), identified as a sexual minority (62.9%), had attended an HIV appointment in the past 3 months (90.2%), had Medicaid for insurance (65.2%), and were always or mostly always adherent to their antiretroviral therapy (65.9%). At the 9-month follow-up only 37% of YLHIV successfully transitioned to adult care. Both individual-level (insurance status and disclosure-related stigma) and clinic-level (adolescent clinic best practices) factors were significant. Adolescent and adult clinic staff offered recommendations to support HCT; these focused primarily on clinical changes.
CONCLUSIONS
This study highlights the complex set of individual- and clinic-level factors associated with HCT. Addressing these key factors is essential for developing streamlined, comprehensive, and context-specific HCT protocols to support continuous care engagement for YLHIV.
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2018
2018
BACKGROUND
Androgen deprivation therapy plus docetaxel (D-ADT) increases overall survival (OS) in men with high-volume, metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Although the vast majority of men initially respond to D-ADT, most will progress and develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Little is known about the optimal treatment sequence for men with progressive disease on D-ADT.
PATIENT AND METHODS
Retrospective analysis of consecutive mHSPC patients treated with ≥3 cycles of D-ADT at Cleveland Clinic and University of Wisconsin-Madison was undertaken. The primary end-points included radiographic progression free survival (rPFS) and OS with first-line treatment for metastatic CRPC (mCRPC).
RESULTS
Final analysis included 136 patients, median age 65 (range 35-86), 77% GS ≥ 8, and 79% with high-volume disease who received ≥3 cycles of docetaxel. Undetectable PSA values at 12 and 24 months were observed in 32% and 25% of patients, respectively. Median time to CRPC (biochemical, clinical, or radiographic) was 19.6 months (16.6-22.6). Sixty patients (44%) received ≥1 treatment for CRPC: 48 patients (80%) received a second-generation hormonal therapy (sHT). Among these, 22 received abiraterone acetate, 20 enzalutamide, and six a novel CYP-17 inhibitor on trial (ASN-001). Five patients (8%) received sipuleucel-T; four (7%) radium-223, five (8%) chemotherapy (two carboplatin-based, two single agent cabazitaxel, one single agent docetaxel) and three other. Patients receiving sHT as the first treatment for mCRPC had a median rPFS of 9.0 months (95%CI, 6.9-11.2) compared with 3.0 months (95%CI, 1.5-4.5) for patients who received a non-sHT (P = 0.024). The choice of first therapy for mCRPC was independent of GS (P = 0.909), visceral disease (P = 0.690) and time to CRPC (P = 0.844). Longer OS correlated with time to CRPC (P = 0.010) and first treatment for CRPC with sHT (P = 0.005).
CONCLUSIONS
For patients with progressive disease on D-ADT, subsequent treatment with a sHT is associated with a longer rPFS and OS.
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